Lesson plan
Bomab
The BOttle MAnnequin ABsorber imaging phantom was developed by F. Bush in 1949, and has since been accepted in North America as the industry standard for calibrating whole-body counting systems. The phantom consists of 10 polyethylene bottles, either cylinders or elliptical cylinders, that represent the head, neck, chest, abdomen, thighs, calves, and arms. Each section is filled with a radioactive solution, in water, that has the amount of radioactivity proportional to the volume of each section. This simulates a homogeneous (even) distribution of material throughout the body. The solution will also be acidified and contain a stable element carrier so that the radioactivity does not plate out on the container walls. The phantom, which contains a known amount of radioactivity can be used to calibrate the whole body counter by relating the observed response to the known amount of radioactivity. Because different radioactive materials emit different energies of gamma photons, the calibration has to be repeated to cover the expected energy range: usually 120 to 2,000 keV. Examples of radioactive isotopes that are used for efficiency calibration include cobalt-57, cobalt-60, yttrium-88, caesium-137, and europium-152. Although the phantom was designed to be used lying down, it can be used in any orientation.…
Article summary
The BOttle MAnnequin ABsorber imaging phantom was developed by F. Bush in 1949, and has since been accepted in North America as the industry standard for calibrating whole-body counting systems. The phantom consists of 10 polyethylene bottles, either cylinders or elliptical cylinders, that represent the head, neck, chest, abdomen, thighs, calves, and arms. Each section is filled with a radioactive solution, in water, that has the amount of radioactivity proportional to the volume of each section. This simulates a homogeneous (even) distribution of material throughout the body. The solution will also be acidified and contain a stable element carrier so that the radioactivity does not plate out on the container walls. The phantom, which contains a known amount of radioactivity can be used to calibrate the whole body counter by relating the observed response to the known amount of radioactivity. Because different radioactive materials emit different energies of gamma photons, the calibration has to be repeated to cover the expected energy range: usually 120 to 2,000 keV. Examples of radioactive isotopes that are used for efficiency calibration include cobalt-57, cobalt-60, yttrium-88, caesium-137, and europium-152. Although the phantom was designed to be used lying down, it can be used in any orientation.…
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Discussion questions
- Summarise the article in your own words. Which single claim would you verify first, and why?
- Which claim in this article is most likely to be revised as the sources update? How would you check its current status?
- If two sources disagreed about one of these facts, what would you need in order to trust one over the other?
Bibliography
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Key claims and bibliography are generated from the same tracked claims and sources as the article page.