Bubble point

In thermodynamics, the bubble point is the temperature (at a given pressure) where the first bubble of vapor is formed when heating a liquid consisting of two or more components. Given that vapor will probably have a different composition than the liquid, the bubble point (along with the dew point) at different compositions are useful data when designing distillation systems. For a single component the bubble point and the dew point are the same and are referred to as the boiling point.

In thermodynamics, the bubble point is the temperature (at a given pressure) where the first bubble of vapor is formed when heating a liquid consisting of two or more components. Given that vapor will probably have a different composition than the liquid, the bubble point (along with the dew point) at different compositions are useful data when designing distillation systems. For a single component the bubble point and the dew point are the same and are referred to as the boiling point. ==Calculating the bubble point== At the bubble point, the following relationship holds: \sum_{i=1}^{N_c} y_i = \sum_{i=1}^{N_c} K_i x_i = 1 where K_i \equiv \frac{y_{ie}}{x_{ie}} . K is the distribution coefficient or K factor, defined as the ratio of mole fraction in the vapor phase \big(y_{ie}\big) to the mole fraction in the liquid phase \big(x_{ie}\big) at equilibrium. When Raoult's law and Dalton's law hold for the mixture, the K factor is defined as the ratio of the vapor pressure to the total pressure of the system: K_i = \frac{P'_i}{P} Given either of x_i or y_i and either the temperature or pressure of a two-component system, calculations can be performed to determine the unknown information. ==See also== Phase diagram Azeotrope Dew point ==References==

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