Ciidae

The minute tree-fungus beetles, family Ciidae, are a sizeable group of beetles which inhabit Polyporales bracket fungi or coarse woody debris. Most numerous in warmer regions, they are nonetheless widespread and a considerable number of species occur as far polewards as Scandinavia for example.

The minute tree-fungus beetles, family Ciidae, are a sizeable group of beetles which inhabit Polyporales bracket fungi or coarse woody debris. Most numerous in warmer regions, they are nonetheless widespread and a considerable number of species occur as far polewards as Scandinavia for example. ==Description== As their name implies, minute tree-fungus beetles are tiny, about long. Their body is short and cylindrical, often convex, sometimes with a smooth coat of fine short hairs, sometimes being covered in long bristly hairs. They are mostly dark brown or blackish. The short antennae consist of 8–10 antennomeres. The pronotum is usually wider than long and often forming a quite prominent helmet-like structure. The elytra do not taper noticeably over most of their length. The legs are short, the tibiae of the forelegs often bear characteristic extensions at the ends. ==Ecology== These beetles usually inhabit Polyporaceae or more rarely Corticiaceae bracket fungi. The larvae as well as the adults burrow inside the fungi, often choosing old specimens or old tissue. The whole development, from egg to adult, often takes as little as two months; some are parthenogenetic. A few species are pests of commercial fungi, as in the case of Cis chinensis, which infests dried fruiting-bodies of Ganoderma lucidum. At least one ciid, Falsocis brasiliensis, is a threatened species. It occurs only in small forest remnants of the Northeast and Southeast Regions of Brazil. Minute tree-fungus beetles are food for many predatory insects, like rove beetles (Staphylinidae), checkered beetles (Cleridae) and parasitoid wasp larvae. ==List of genera== (Ciinae: Ciini)]] (Ciinae: Xylographellini)]] Abebaeocis Souza-Gonçalves & Lopes-Andrade, 2025 Acanthocis Miyatake, 1954 Alcecis Souza-Gonçalves & Lopes-Andrade, 2025 Aliocis Sandoval-Gómez & Lopes-Andrade, 2015 Amphibolocis Lawrence, 2016 Anartioscelos Souza-Gonçalves & Lopes-Andrade, 2025 Apterocis Perkins, 1900 Atlantocis Israelson, 1985 Atomocis Souza-Gonçalves & Lopes-Andrade, 2025 Australocis Lawrence, 2016 Bucerocaputis Souza-Gonçalves & Lopes-Andrade, 2025 Ceracis Mellié, 1849 Cis Latreille, 1797 Cisarthron Reitter, 1885 Ctenocis Lawrence, 2016 Dichodontocis Kawanabe, 1994 Dimerapterocis Scott, 1926 Diphyllocis Reitter, 1885 Ditrichocis Lawrence, 2016 Dolichocis Dury, 1919 Echinocis Lawrence, 2016 Ennearthron Mellié, 1847 Euxestocis Miyatake, 1954 Falsocis Pic, 1916 Ferecis Lopes-Andrade, 2024 Glyphidope Lawrence, 2016 Grossicis Antunes-Carvalho, Sandoval-Gómez & Lopes-Andrade, 2012 Gyraleosomus Souza-Gonçalves & Lopes-Andrade, 2025 Hadreule Thomson, 1859 Hyalocis Kawanabe, 1993 Insolitocis Souza-Gonçalves & Lopes-Andrade, 2025 Lipedanicis Souza-Gonçalves & Lopes-Andrade, 2025 Lipopterocis Miyatake, 1954 Macrocis Reitter, 1878 Malacocis Gorham, 1886 Malleecis Lawrence, 2016 Neoapterocis Lopes-Andrade, 2007 Neoennearthron Miyatake, 1954 Nipponapterocis Miyatake, 1954 Nipponocis Nobuchi & Wada, 1955 Notapterocis Lawrence, 2016 Octotemnus Mellié, 1847 Orthocis Casey, 1898 Paratrichapus Scott, 1926 Paraxestocis Miyatake, 1954 Phellinocis Lopes-Andrade & Lawrence, 2005 Plesiocis Casey, 1898 Polynesicis Zimmerman, 1938 Porculus Lawrence, 1987 Pseudeuxestocis Lawrence, 2016 Ropalodontus Mellié, 1847 Scolytocis Blair, 1928 Strigocis Dury, 1917 Sulcacis Dury, 1917 Syncosmetus Sharp, 1891 Tropicis Scott, 1926 Xylographella Miyatake, 1985 Xylographus Mellié, 1847 ==References== Gumier-Costa, F., Lopes-Andrade, C. & Zacaro, A. A. 2003. Association of Ceracis cornifer (Mellié) (Coleoptera: Ciidae) with the bracket fungi Pycnoporus sanguineus (Basidiomycetes: Polyporaceae). Neotropical Entomology, 32(2): 359–360.* Lawrence, J. F. 1987. A new genus of Ciidae (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea) from the Neotropical region. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 31(1): 41–47. Lawrence, J. F. 1991. Three new Asiatic Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) associated with commercial, dried fungi. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 45: 286–292. Lawrence, J. F.; Lopes-Andrade, C. 2008. Ciidae Species Listing. Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog, Online [http://insects.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/test/Arthropoda/Insects/Coleoptera/Family/Ciidae.txt Lopes-Andrade, C. 2007a. Neoapterocis, a new genus of apterous Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) from Chile and Mexico. Zootaxa, 1481: 35–47. Lopes-Andrade, C. 2007b. Notes on Falsocis Pic (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Ciidae), with the description of an endangered Brazilian species. Zootaxa, 1544: 41–58. Lopes-Andrade, C. 2008 The first record of Cis chinensis Lawrence from Brazil, with the delimitation of the Cis multidentatus species-group (Coleoptera: Ciidae). Zootaxa, 1755: 35–46. Lopes-Andrade, C., Gumier-Costa, F. & Sperber, C. F. (2003) Why do male Xylographus contractus Mellié (Coleoptera: Ciidae) present abdominal fovea? Evidence of sexual pheromone secretion. Neotropical Entomology, 32: 217–220.* Lopes-Andrade, C., Gumier-Costa, F., Zacaro, A.A. 2003. Cis leoi, a new species of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) from the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa, 161: 1–7. Lopes-Andrade, C., Madureira, M. S., Zacaro, A. A. 2002. Delimitation of the Ceracis singularis group (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Ciidae), with the description of a new Neotropical species. Dugesiana, 9: 59–63. Lopes-Andrade, C., Zacaro, A. A. 2003a. The first record of Ennearthron Mellié, 1848 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Ciidae) in the Southern Hemisphere, with the description of a distinctive new species. Zootaxa, 395: 1–7. Lopes-Andrade, C., Zacaro, A. A. 2003b. Xylographus lucasi, a new Brazilian species of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea). Dugesiana, 10: 1–6. Lopes-Andrade, C. & Lawrence, J. F. 2005. Phellinocis, a new genus of Neotropical Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea). Zootaxa, 1034: 43–60. Madenjian, J. J., Eifert, J. D. & Lawrence, J. F. 1993. Ciidae: newly recognized beetle pests of commercial dried mushrooms. Journal of Stored Products Research, 29: 45–48. Orledge, G. M., Reynolds, S. E. 2005. Fungivore host-use groups from cluster analysis: patterns of utilisation of fungal fruiting bodies by ciid beetles. Ecological Entomology, 30(6): 620–641. Ruta, R. 2003. Rhopalodontus lawrencei n. sp. – the first Rhopalodontus species in the Oriental Region. Genus, 14(3): 363–369.[http://www.biol.uni.wroc.pl/cassidae/Cis%20lawrencei.pdf

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