Cotoneaster

Cotoneaster is a genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, native to the Palaearctic region (temperate Asia, Europe, north Africa), with a strong concentration of diversity in the genus in the mountains of southwestern China and the Himalayas. They are related to hawthorns (Crataegus), firethorns (Pyracantha), photinias (Photinia), and rowans (Sorbus). Depending on the species definition used, between 70 and 300 different species of Cotoneaster are described, with many apomictic microspecies treated as species by some authors, but only as varieties by others.

Cotoneaster is a genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, native to the Palaearctic region (temperate Asia, Europe, north Africa), with a strong concentration of diversity in the genus in the mountains of southwestern China and the Himalayas. They are related to hawthorns (Crataegus), firethorns (Pyracantha), photinias (Photinia), and rowans (Sorbus). Depending on the species definition used, between 70 and 300 different species of Cotoneaster are described, with many apomictic microspecies treated as species by some authors, but only as varieties by others. ==Description== ===Vegetative characteristics=== The majority of species are shrubs from tall, varying from ground-hugging prostrate plants to erect shrubs; a few, notably C. frigidus, are small to medium-size trees up to tall and trunk diameter. The prostrate species are mostly alpine plants growing at high altitudes (e.g. C. integrifolius, which grows at in the Himalayas), while the larger species occur in scrub and woodland gaps at lower altitudes. The shoots are dimorphic, with long shoots ( long) producing structural branch growth, and short shoots ( long) bearing the flowers; this pattern often developing a 'herringbone' form of branching. The leaves are arranged alternately, long, ovate to lanceolate in shape, entire; both evergreen and deciduous species occur. ===Generative characteristics=== Flowers are produced from late spring to early summer, either solitarily or in corymbs of up to 100 flowers. The flower is either fully open or has its five petals partially open, with a diameter of approximately meters. They may be any shade from white through creamy white to light pink to dark pink to almost red, 10–20 stamens and up to five styles. The fruit is a small pome measuring approximately in diameter, and it can be pink or bright red, orange or even maroon or black when mature, containing one to three (rarely up to five) seeds. Fruit on some species stays on until the following year. ==Taxonomy== It was described by Friedrich Kasimir Medikus in 1789 with Cotoneaster integerrimus as the type species. The genus name Cotoneaster derives from cotoneum, a Latin name for the quince, and the suffix -aster, 'resembling'. The name is correctly masculine, though in some older works it was wrongly treated as feminine, resulting in different name endings for many of the species (e.g.Cotoneaster integerrima instead of Cotoneaster integerrimus). The genus is often divided into two or more sections, though the situation is complicated by hybridisation: Cotoneaster sect. Cotoneaster (syn. sect. Orthopetalum). Flowers solitary or up to 6 together; petals forward-pointing, often tinged pink. Mostly smaller shrubs. Cotoneaster sect. Chaenopetalum. Flowers more than 20 together in corymbs; petals opening flat, creamy white. Mostly larger shrubs. ===Species=== Cotoneaster acuminatus Lindl. Cotoneaster acutifolius Turcz. – Peking cotoneaster Cotoneaster acutiusculus Pojark. Cotoneaster adpressus Bois – creeping cotoneaster Cotoneaster aestivalis (Walter) Wenz. Cotoneaster affinis Lindl. – purpleberry cotoneaster Cotoneaster afghanicus G.Klotz Cotoneaster aitchisoni C.K.Schneid. Cotoneaster alashanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster alatavicus Popov Cotoneaster alaunicus Golitsin Cotoneaster albokermesinus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster allanderi J.Fryer Cotoneaster allochrous Pojark. Cotoneaster altaicus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster ambiguus Rehder & E.H.Wilson Cotoneaster amoenus E.H.Wilson – beautiful cotoneaster Cotoneaster amphigenus Chaten. Cotoneaster annapurnae J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster angustifolius Franch. Cotoneaster angustus (T.T.Yu) G.Klotz Cotoneaster antoninae Juz. & N.I.Orlova Cotoneaster apiculatus Rehder & E.H.Wilson – cranberry cotoneaster or apiculate cotoneaster Cotoneaster applanatus Duthie ex J.H.Veitch Cotoneaster arborescens Zabel. Cotoneaster arbusculus G.Klotz Cotoneaster argenteus G.Klotz Cotoneaster armenus Pojark. Cotoneaster arvernensis Gand. Cotoneaster ascendens Flinck & B.Hylmö – ascending cotoneaster Cotoneaster assadii Khat. Cotoneaster assamensis G.Klotz Cotoneaster astrophoros J.Fryer & E.C.Nelson – starry cotoneaster Cotoneaster ataensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster atlanticus G.Klotz Cotoneaster atropurpureus Flinck & B.Hylmö – purple-flowered cotoneaster Cotoneaster atrovirens J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster atuntzensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster auranticus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster bacillaris Wall. ex Lindl. – open-fruited cotoneaster Cotoneaster baenitzii Pax Cotoneaster bakeri G.Klotz Cotoneaster balticus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster bilokonii Grevtsova Cotoneaster bisramianus G.Klotz Cotoneaster bitahaiensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster blinii H.Lév. Cotoneaster bodinieri H.Lév. Cotoneaster boisianus G.Klotz – Bois's cotoneaster Cotoneaster borealichinensis (Hurus.) Hurus. Cotoneaster borealis Petz. & G.Kirchn. Cotoneaster brachypodus Pojark. ex Zakirov Cotoneaster bradyi E.C.Nelson J.Fryer – Brady's cotoneaster Cotoneaster brandisii G.Klotz Cotoneaster brevirameus Rehder & Wilson Cotoneaster brickelli J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster browiczii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster bullatus Bois – hollyberry cotoneaster Cotoneaster bumthangensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster burmanicus G.Klotz Cotoneaster buxifolius Wall. ex Lindl. – box-leaved cotoneaster Cotoneaster californicus A.Murray bis Cotoneaster calocarpus (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Flinck & B.Hylmö – Sikang cotoneaster Cotoneaster cambricus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö – wild cotoneaster Cotoneaster camilli-schneideri Pojark. Cotoneaster campanulatus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster canescens Vestergr. ex B.Hylmö Cotoneaster capsicinus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster cardinalis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster cashmiriensis G.Klotz – Kashmir cotoneaster Cotoneaster cavei G.Klotz Cotoneaster chaffanjonii H.Lév. Cotoneaster chailaricus (G.Klotz) Flinck & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster chengkangensis T.T.Yu Cotoneaster chrysobotrys Hand. – Mazz. Cotoneaster chulingensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster chungtiensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster cinerascens (Rehder) Flinck & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster cinnabarinus Juz. Cotoneaster coadunatus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster coccineus Steud. Cotoneaster cochleatus (Franch.) G.Klotz – Yunnan cotoneaster Cotoneaster commixtus (C.K.Schneid.) Flinck & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster comptus Lem. Cotoneaster confusus G.Klotz Cotoneaster congestus Baker – congested cotoneaster Cotoneaster conspicuus C.Marquand – Tibetan cotoneaster Cotoneaster convexus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster cooperi C.Marquand – Cooper's cotoneaster Cotoneaster cordatus Focke Cotoneaster cordifolioides G.Klotz Cotoneaster cordifolius G.Klotz Cotoneaster coreanus H.Lév. Cotoneaster coriaceus Franch. Cotoneaster cornifolius Rehder & E.H.Wilson Cotoneaster cossineus Steud. Cotoneaster crenulatus (D.Don) K.Koch Cotoneaster creticus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster crispii Exell Cotoneaster cuilus Lee ex K.Koch Cotoneaster cuspidatus C.Marquand ex J.Fryer Cotoneaster daliensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster dammeri C.K.Schneid. – bearberry cotoneaster Cotoneaster daralagesicus Grevtsova Cotoneaster davidianus hort. ex Dippel Cotoneaster decandrus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster declinatus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster degenensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster delavayanus G.Klotz Cotoneaster delphinensis Chatenier Cotoneaster denticulatus Kunth Cotoneaster dielsianus E.Pritz. ex Diels – Diels' cotoneaster Cotoneaster difficilis G.Klotz Cotoneaster discolor Pojark. Cotoneaster dissimilis G.Klotz Cotoneaster distichus Lange Cotoneaster divaricatus Rehder & E.H.Wilson – spreading cotoneaster Cotoneaster dojamensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster dokeriensis G.Klotz Cotoneaster drogochius J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster duthieanus (C.K.Schneid.) G.Klotz Cotoneaster elatus G.Klotz Cotoneaster elegans (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Flinck & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster ellipticus (Lindl.) Loudon – Lindley's cotoneaster Cotoneaster emarginatus hort. ex K.Koch Cotoneaster emeiensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster encavei J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster eriocarpus hort. Cotoneaster erratus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster erzincanicus J.Fryer Cotoneaster esfandiarii Khat. Cotoneaster esquirolii H.Lév. Cotoneaster estonicus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster falconeri G.Klotz Cotoneaster fangianus T.T.Yu – Fang's cotoneaster Cotoneaster farreri Klotzsch Cotoneaster fastigiatus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster favargeri J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster fletcheri G.Klotz Cotoneaster flinckii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster floccosus (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Flinck & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster floridus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster fontanesii Grossh. Cotoneaster formosanus Hayata Cotoneaster forrestii G.Klotz Cotoneaster fortunei Wenz. Cotoneaster foveolatus Rehder & E.H.Wilson Cotoneaster franchetii Bois – Franchet's cotoneaster or orange cotoneaster Cotoneaster frigidus Wall. ex Lindl. – tree cotoneaster Cotoneaster froebelii Vilm. Cotoneaster fruticosus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster fulvidus (W.W.Sm.) G.Klotz Cotoneaster gamblei G.Klotz Cotoneaster ganghobaensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster garhwalensis G.Klotz Cotoneaster genitianus Hurus. ex Nakai Cotoneaster gesneri Kirschl. Cotoneaster gilgitensis G.Klotz Cotoneaster girardii Flinck & B.Hylmö ex G.Klotz Cotoneaster glabratus Rehder & E.H.Wilson – glabrous cotoneaster Cotoneaster glacialis (Hook.f. ex Wenz.) Panigrahi & Arv.Kumar Cotoneaster glaucophyllus Franch. – glaucous cotoneaster Cotoneaster globosus (Hurus.) G.Klotz Cotoneaster glomerulatus W.W.Sm. Cotoneaster goloskokovii Pojark. Cotoneaster gonggashanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster gotlandicus B.Hylmö Cotoneaster gracilis Rehder & E.H.Wilson Cotoneaster grammontii hort. ex K.Koch Cotoneaster granatensis Boiss Cotoneaster griffithii G.Klotz Cotoneaster guanmenensis J.Fryer Cotoneaster handel-mazzettii G.Klotz Cotoneaster harrovianus E.H.Wilson Cotoneaster harrysmithii Flinck & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster hebephyllus Diels Cotoneaster hedegaardii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster henryanus (C.K.Schneid.) Rehder & E.H.Wilson – Henry's cotoneaster Cotoneaster hersianus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster heterophyllus J.Fryer Cotoneaster hicksii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster himaleiensis hort. ex Zabel Cotoneaster himalayensis hort. ex Lavallee Cotoneaster hissaricus Pojark. – circular-leaved cotoneaster Cotoneaster hjelmqvistii Flinck & B.Hylmö – Hjelmqvist's cotoneaster Cotoneaster hodjingensis G.Klotz Cotoneaster hookeri hort. ex Zabel Cotoneaster hookerianus hort. ex Lavallee Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne. – wall cotoneaster or rock cotoneaster Cotoneaster hsingshangensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö – Hsing-Shan cotoneaster Cotoneaster hualiensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster humifusus Duthie ex J.H.Veitch Cotoneaster humilis Donn Cotoneaster hummelii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö – Hummel's cotoneaster Cotoneaster hunanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster hupehensis Rehder & E.H.Wilson – Hupeh cotoneaster Cotoneaster hurusawaianus G.Klotz – Hurusawa's cotoneaster Cotoneaster hylanderi B.Hylmö & J.Fryer Cotoneaster hymalaicus Carriere Cotoneaster hylmoei Flinck & J.Fryer – Hylmö's cotoneaster Cotoneaster hypocarpus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster ichangensis G.Klotz Cotoneaster ignavus E.L.Wolf Cotoneaster ignescens J.Fryer & B.Hylmö – firebird cotoneaster Cotoneaster ignotus G.Klotz – black-grape cotoneaster Cotoneaster improvisus Klotzsch Cotoneaster incanus (W.W.Sm.) G.Klotz Cotoneaster induratus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö – hardy cotoneaster Cotoneaster inexspectus G.Klotz Cotoneaster insculptus Diels – engraved cotoneaster Cotoneaster insignis Pojark. Cotoneaster insignoides J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster insolitus G.Klotz Cotoneaster integerrimus Medik. Cotoneaster integrifolius (Roxb.) G.Klotz – entire-leaved cotoneaster Cotoneaster intermedius (Lecoq. & Lamotte) H.J.Coste Cotoneaster japonicus hort. ex Dippel Cotoneaster juranus Gand. Cotoneaster kaganensis G.Klotz Cotoneaster kamaoensis G.Klotz Cotoneaster kangtinensis G.Klotz Cotoneaster kansuensis G.Klotz Cotoneaster karatavicus Pojark. Cotoneaster karelicus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster kaschkarovii Pojark. Cotoneaster kerstanii G.Klotz Cotoneaster khasiensis G.Klotz Cotoneaster kingdonii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster kirgizicus Grevtsova Cotoneaster kitaibelii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster klotzii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster koizumii Hayata Cotoneaster kongboensis G.Klotz Cotoneaster konishii Hayata Cotoneaster kotschyi (C.K.Schneid.) G.Klotz Cotoneaster krasnovii Pojark. Cotoneaster kullensis B.Hylmö Cotoneaster kweitschoviensis G.Klotz Cotoneaster lacei Klotzsch Cotoneaster lacteus W.W.Sm. – milkflower cotoneaster or late cotoneaster Cotoneaster laetevirens (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) G.Klotz Cotoneaster laevis hort. ex Steud. Cotoneaster lambertii G.Klotz Cotoneaster lamprofolius J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster lanatus hort. ex Regel Cotoneaster lancasteri J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster langei G.Klotz Cotoneaster langtangensis B.Hylmö Cotoneaster lanshanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster latifolius J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster laxiflorus Jacq. ex Lindl. Cotoneaster lesliei J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster leveillei J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster lidjiangensis G.Klotz – Lidjiang cotoneaster Cotoneaster lindleyi Steud. Cotoneaster linearifolius (G.Klotz) G.Klotz Cotoneaster logginovae Grevtsova Cotoneaster lomahunensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster lucidus Schltdl. – hedge cotoneaster or shiny cotoneaster Cotoneaster ludlowii G.Klotz Cotoneaster luristanicus G.Klotz Cotoneaster macrocarpus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster magnificus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster mairei H.Lév. – Maire's cotoneaster Cotoneaster majusculus (W.W.Sm.) G.Klotz Cotoneaster marginatus (Loudon) Schltdl. – fringed cotoneaster Cotoneaster marquandii G.Klotz Cotoneaster marroninus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster mathonnetii Gand. Cotoneaster matrensis Domokos Cotoneaster megalocarpus Popov Cotoneaster meiophyllus (W.W.Sm.) G.Klotz Cotoneaster melanocarpus Lodd. – black-fruited cotoneaster or black cotoneaster Cotoneaster melanotrichus (Franch.) G.Klotz Cotoneaster meuselii G.Klotz Cotoneaster meyeri Pojark. Cotoneaster microcarpus (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Flinck & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster microphyllus Wall. ex Lindl. – small-leaved cotoneaster or rockspray cotoneaster Cotoneaster milkedandai J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster mingkwongensis G.Klotz Cotoneaster miniatus (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Flinck & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster minimus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster minitomentellus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster minutus G.Klotz Cotoneaster mirabilis G.Klotz & Krugel Cotoneaster misturatus J.Fryer Cotoneaster mongolicus Pojark. Cotoneaster monopyrenus (W.W.Sm.) Flinck & B.Hylmö – one-stoned cotoneaster Cotoneaster montanus Lange ex Dippel Cotoneaster morrisonensis Hayata Cotoneaster morulus Pojark. Cotoneaster moupinensis Franch. – Moupin cotoneaster Cotoneaster mucronatus Franch. – mucronate cotoneaster Cotoneaster muliensis G.Klotz Cotoneaster multiflorus Bunge – showy cotoneaster Cotoneaster nagaensis G.Klotz Cotoneaster nakai Hayata Cotoneaster naninitens J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster nanshan M.Vilm. ex Mottet – dwarf cotoneaster Cotoneaster nantaouensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster nanus (G.Klotz) G.Klotz Cotoneaster narynensis Tkatsch. ex J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster nebrodensis (Guss.) K.Koch Cotoneaster nedoluzhkoi Tzvelev. Cotoneaster nefedovii Galushko Cotoneaster neo-antoninae A.N.Vassiljeva Cotoneaster neopopovii Czerep. Cotoneaster nepalensis hort. ex K.Koch Cotoneaster nervosus Decne Cotoneaster nevadensis Boiss. ex Steud. Cotoneaster newryensis Lemoine Cotoneaster niger (Wahlenb.) Fries Cotoneaster nitens Rehder & E.H.Wilson – few-flowered cotoneaster or pinkblush cotoneaster Cotoneaster nitidifolius Marquand Cotoneaster nitidus Jacques – distichous cotoneaster Cotoneaster nivalis (G.Klotz) G.Panigrahi & A.Kumar Cotoneaster nohelii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster notabilis G.Klotz Cotoneaster nudiflorus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster nummularioides Pojark. Cotoneaster nummularius Fisch. & Mey. Cotoneaster obovatus Osmaston Cotoneaster obscurus Rehder & E.H.Wilson – bloodberry cotoneaster or obscure cotoneaster Cotoneaster obtusisepalus Gand. Cotoneaster obtusus Wall. ex Lindl. Cotoneaster oliganthus Pojark. Cotoneaster oligocarpus C.K.Schneid. Cotoneaster omissus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster orbicularis Schltdl. Cotoneaster orientalis (Mill.) Borbas Cotoneaster osmastonii G.Klotz Cotoneaster ottoschwarzii G.Klotz Cotoneaster ovatus Pojark. Cotoneaster pangiensis G.Klotz Cotoneaster pannosus Franch. – silverleaf cotoneaster Cotoneaster paradoxus G.Klotz Cotoneaster parkeri G.Klotz Cotoneaster parkinsonii Panigrahi & Arv.Kumar Cotoneaster parnassicus Boiss. & Heldr. Cotoneaster parvifolius (Hook.f.) Panigrahi & Arv.Kumar Cotoneaster peduncularis Boiss. Cotoneaster pekinensis (Koehne) Zabel Cotoneaster permutatus G.Klotz Cotoneaster perpusillus (C.K.Schneid.) Flinck & B.Hylmö – slender cotoneaster Cotoneaster poluninii G.Klotz Cotoneaster procumbens G.Klotz Cotoneaster prostratus Baker – procumbent cotoneaster Cotoneaster przewalskii Pojark. Cotoneaster pseudoambiguus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö – Kangting cotoneaster Cotoneaster racemiflorus K.Koch – redbead cotoneaster or rockspray cotoneaster Cotoneaster radicans G.Klotz – rooting cotoneaster Cotoneaster rehderi Pojark. – bullate cotoneaster Cotoneaster reticulatus Rehder & E.H.Wilson Cotoneaster rhytidophyllus Rehder & E.H.Wilson Cotoneaster roseus Edgew. Cotoneaster rotundifolius Wall. ex Lindl. – round-leaved cotoneaster Cotoneaster rubens W.W.Sm. Cotoneaster salicifolius Franch. – willow-leaved cotoneaster Cotoneaster salwinensis G.Klotz Cotoneaster sanbaensis J.Fryer Cotoneaster sandakphuensis G.Klotz Cotoneaster sanguineus T.T.Yu Cotoneaster sargentii G.Klotz Cotoneaster saxatilis Pojark. Cotoneaster saxonicus B.Hylmö Cotoneaster scandinavicus B.Hylmö Cotoneaster schantungensis G.Klotz Cotoneaster schlechtendalii G.Klotz Cotoneaster schubertii G.Klotz Cotoneaster serotinus Hutch. Cotoneaster shannanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö – Shannan cotoneaster Cotoneaster shansiensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster sherriffii G.Klotz – Sherriff's cotoneaster Cotoneaster sichuanensis Klotzsch Cotoneaster sikangensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster sikkimensis Mouill. Cotoneaster silvestrei Pamp. Cotoneaster simonsii Baker – Himalayan cotoneaster or Simons' cotoneaster Cotoneaster smithii G.Klotz Cotoneaster soczavianus Pojark. Cotoneaster soongaricus (Regel & Herder) Popov Cotoneaster sordidus G.Klotz Cotoneaster soulieanus G.Klotz Cotoneaster spathulatus (Michx.) Wenz. Cotoneaster splendens Flinck & B.Hylmö – showy cotoneaster Cotoneaster spongbergii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster staintonii G.Klotz Cotoneaster sternianus (Turrill) Boom – Stern's cotoneaster Cotoneaster stracheyi Klotzsch Cotoneaster strigosus G.Klotz Cotoneaster suavis Pojark. Cotoneaster subacutus Pojark. Cotoneaster subadpressus T.T.Yu Cotoneaster subalpinus G.Klotz Cotoneaster submultiflorus Popov Cotoneaster suboblongus Gand. Cotoneaster subuniflorus (Kitam.) G.Klotz Cotoneaster suecicus G.Klotz Cotoneaster svenhedinii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster taitoensis Hayata Cotoneaster taiwanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster takpoensis G.Klotz Cotoneaster taksangensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster talgaricus Popov Cotoneaster tanpaensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster taoensis G.Klotz Cotoneaster tardiflorus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster tauricus Pojark. Cotoneaster taylorii T.T.Yu Cotoneaster tebbutus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster teijiashanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster tengyuehensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö – Tengyueh cotoneaster Cotoneaster tenuipes Rehder & E.H.Wilson – slender cotoneaster Cotoneaster thimphuensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster thymifolius Wall. ex Lindl. – thyme-leaved cotoneaster Cotoneaster tibeticus G.Klotz Cotoneaster tjuliniae Pojark. ex Peschkova Cotoneaster tkatschenkoi Grovtsova Cotoneaster tomentellus Pojark. – short-felted cotoneaster Cotoneaster tomentosus Lindl. – woolly cotoneaster Cotoneaster transcaucasicus Pojark. Cotoneaster transens G.Klotz Cotoneaster trinervis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster tsarongensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster tumeticus Pojark. Cotoneaster turbinatus Craib Cotoneaster turcomanicus Pojark. Cotoneaster tytthocarpus Pojark. Cotoneaster undulatus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster uniflorus Bunge – Altai cotoneaster Cotoneaster uralensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster uva-ursi G.Don Cotoneaster uva-ursinus (Lindl.) J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster uzbezicus Grevtsova Cotoneaster vandelaarii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster veitchii (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) G.Klotz – many-flowered cotoneaster Cotoneaster vernae C.K.Schneid. Cotoneaster verokotschyi J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster verruculosus Diels Cotoneaster vestitus (W.W.Sm.) Flinck & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster victorianus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster villosulus (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Flinck & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster vilmorinianus G.Klotz – Vilmorin's cotoneaster Cotoneaster virgatus G.Klotz Cotoneaster vulgaris Hook.f. Cotoneaster wallichianus G.Klotz Cotoneaster wanbooyensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster wardii W.W.Sm. – Ward's cotoneaster Cotoneaster washanensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster wattii G.Klotz Cotoneaster wilsonii Nakai Cotoneaster yakuticus J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster yalungensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster yuii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster yulingkongensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster yulongensis J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Cotoneaster zabelii C.K.Schneid. – cherryred cotoneaster or Zabel's cotoneaster Cotoneaster zaprjagaevae Grevtsova Cotoneaster zayulensis G.Klotz Cotoneaster zeilingskii B.Hylmö Cotoneaster zeravschanicus Pojark. Cotoneaster zimmermannii J.Fryer & B.Hylmö Sources: ==Ecology== ===Herbivory=== Cotoneaster species are used as larval food plants by some Lepidoptera species including grey dagger, mottled umber, short-cloaked moth, winter moth, and hawthorn moth. The flowers attract bees and butterflies and the fruits are eaten by birds. Although Cotoneaster species are a source of nectar. The red berries are also highly attractive to blackbirds and other thrushes. Similar to other small, red berries, all cotoneaster berries are eaten by various bird species, which disperse the seeds widely. They are not suitable for humans to eat; the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia lists Cotoneaster berries as poisonous ===Invasiveness=== Many species have escaped from cultivation and become invasive weeds in regions with suitable climatic conditions, such as numerous Chinese species naturalised in north-western Europe. C. glaucophyllus has become an invasive weed in Australia and California. C. simonsii is listed on the New Zealand National Pest Plant Accord preventing its sale and distribution due to its invasive nature. On Portland, Dorset, UK, it has become invasive and is regularly managed to protect the local environment along the Jurassic Coast. ==Uses== Cotoneasters are very popular garden shrubs, grown for their attractive habit and decorative fruit. Some cultivars are of known parentage, such as the very popular Cotoneaster × watereri Exell (Waterer's cotoneaster; C. frigidus × C. salicifolius), while others are of mixed or unknown heritage. The following species and cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:- Cotoneaster atropurpureus 'Variegatus' Cotoneaster conspicuus 'Decorus' Cotoneaster 'Cornubia' Cotoneaster lacteus Cotoneaster procumbens 'Queen of Carpets' Cotoneaster 'Rothschildianus' Cotoneaster salicifolius 'Gnom' Cotoneaster salicifolius 'Pink Champagne' Cotoneaster sternianus Cotoneaster × suecicus 'Coral Beauty' Cotoneaster × suecicus 'Juliette' ==References== ==External links== Multi-access key to the 26 Cotoneaster species found in New Zealand

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