Cumin

Cumin ( , ; ; Cuminum cyminum) is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, native to the Irano-Turanian Region. Its seeds – each one contained within a fruit, which is dried – are used in the cuisines of many cultures in both whole and ground form. Although cumin is used in traditional medicine, there is no high-quality evidence that it is safe or effective as a therapeutic agent.

Cumin ( , ; ; Cuminum cyminum) is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, native to the Irano-Turanian Region. Its seeds – each one contained within a fruit, which is dried – are used in the cuisines of many cultures in both whole and ground form. Although cumin is used in traditional medicine, there is no high-quality evidence that it is safe or effective as a therapeutic agent. == Etymology and pronunciation== The term comes via Middle English , from Old English (which is cognate with Old High German ) and Old French , both from the Latin term . This in turn comes from the Ancient Greek ( ), a Semitic borrowing related to Hebrew ( ) and Arabic ( ). They originate from the Akkadian ( ), which in turn comes from the Sumerian ( ) The English word is traditionally pronounced ( ), like coming with an instead of . American lexicographer Grant Barrett notes that this pronunciation now is rarely used in his country, replaced in the late 20th century by hyperforeignized ( ) and ( ). ===Grading=== The three noteworthy sorts of cumin seeds in the market vary in seed shading, amount of oil, and flavor. Iranian Indian, South Asian Middle Eastern Cumin is a diploid species with 14 chromosomes (i.e. 2n = 14). The chromosomes of the different varieties have morphological similarities with no distinct variation in length and volume. Most of the varieties available today are selections. The variabilities of yield and yield components are high. Varieties are developed by sib mating in enclosed chambers or by biotechnology. Cumin is a cross-pollinator, i.e. the breeds are already hybrids. Therefore, methods used for breeding are in vitro regenerations, DNA technologies, and gene transfers. The in vitro cultivation of cumin allows the production of genetically identical plants. The main sources for the explants used in vitro regenerations are embryos, hypocotyl, shoot internodes, leaves, and cotyledons. One goal of cumin breeding is to improve its resistance to biotic (fungal diseases) and abiotic (cold, drought, salinity) stresses. The potential genetic variability for conventional breeding of cumin is limited and research about cumin genetics is scarce.

Text derived from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1378292296 under CC BY-SA 4.0; modifications have been made.