Cursive

, from 1884 Cursive (also known as joined-up writing or real writing) is any style of penmanship in which characters are written joined in a flowing manner, generally for the purpose of making writing faster, in contrast to block letters. It varies in function and modern-day usage across languages and regions, used both publicly in artistic and formal documents and in private communication. Formal cursive is generally joined, while casual cursive combines joins with pen lifts. The writing style can be further divided into "looped", "italic", or "connected". Many alphabets use cursive because infrequent pen lifting increases writing speed. However, more elaborate or ornamental calligraphic styles of writing can be slower to reproduce. In some alphabets, many or all letters in a word are connected, sometimes making a word one single complex stroke.

, from 1884 Cursive (also known as joined-up writing or real writing) is any style of penmanship in which characters are written joined in a flowing manner, generally for the purpose of making writing faster, in contrast to block letters. It varies in function and modern-day usage across languages and regions, used both publicly in artistic and formal documents and in private communication. Formal cursive is generally joined, while casual cursive combines joins with pen lifts. The writing style can be further divided into "looped", "italic", or "connected". Many alphabets use cursive because infrequent pen lifting increases writing speed. However, more elaborate or ornamental calligraphic styles of writing can be slower to reproduce. In some alphabets, many or all letters in a word are connected, sometimes making a word one single complex stroke. ==Arabic== In the Arabic alphabet, most letters connect on both sides, but a small group connects only on the right side (i.e., they connect to the preceding letter but not to the following one). Letters that connect on both sides (22 letters): ب ت ث ج ح خ س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك ل م ن ه ي Letters that connect only on the right side (6 letters): ا د ذ ر ز و These six letters never connect to the letter that follows them, so their initial and medial forms look the same as their isolated and final forms, respectively. ==Bengali== , written in cursive Bengali|class=skin-invert-image In the Bengali cursive script The letters are more likely to be more curvy in appearance than in standard Bengali handwriting. ==== Conservation efforts and effects on the learning disabled ==== Despite the decline in the day-to-day use of cursive, it is being reintroduced to the curriculum of some schools in the United States. California passed cursive handwriting legislation in 2023, adding to a wave of state legislation between 2013 and 2023 that requires the incorporation of cursive handwriting into elementary education. Other states such as Idaho, Kansas, Massachusetts, North Carolina, South Carolina, New Jersey, and Tennessee had already mandated cursive in schools as a part of the Back to Basics programme designed to maintain the integrity of cursive handwriting. Cursive instruction is required by grade 5 in Illinois, starting with the 2018–2019 school year. Many historical documents, such as the United States Constitution, are written in cursive. Some argue the inability to read cursive therefore precludes one from being able to fully appreciate such documents in their original format. Maria Montessori argued that beginning handwriting instruction with vertical strokes was unnecessarily difficult, observing that children's spontaneous movements tended towards curves instead. Students with dyslexia, who have difficulty learning to read because their brains have difficulty associating sounds and letter combinations efficiently, have found that cursive can help them with the decoding process because it integrates hand-eye coordination, fine motor skills, and other brain and memory functions. A 2020 high-density EEG study of children and young adults found that handwriting activated brain regions associated with learning and memory to a greater extent than typewriting, leading the authors to conclude that handwriting practice provides favourable conditions for learning. However, students with dysgraphia may be badly served, or even substantially hindered, by demands for cursive. ==References== ==External links== The Golden Age of American Penmanship, including scans of the January 1932 issue of Austin Norman Palmer's American Penman Normal and Bold Victorian Modern Cursive electronic fonts for downloading Mourning the Death of Handwriting, a Time magazine article on the demise of cursive handwriting Op-Art: The Write Stuff, a New York Times article on the advantages of italic hand over both full cursive and block printing The Society for Italic Handwriting, supporters of teaching a simplified cursive hand Artful Cursive. Complete Cursive Writing Worksheets & Tutorial: https://www.artfulcursive.com/ Has Technology Killed Cursive Handwriting?—Mashable, 11 June 2013 Why Cursive Still Matters in Education Cursive Coming Back in the US Schools Hausam's practical writing course. 1917 State Library of Kansas' KGI Online Library Twinkl. Cursive Handwriting. Twinkl, n.d., https://www.twinkl.com/teaching-wiki/cursive-handwriting. Accessed 16 Dec. 2024.

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