Cyhalothrin

Cyhalothrin (ISO common name ) is an organic compound that, in specific isomeric forms, is used as a pesticide. It is a pyrethroid, a class of synthetic insecticides that mimic the structure and properties of the naturally occurring insecticide pyrethrin which is present in the flowers of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium. Pyrethroids, such as cyhalothrin, are often preferred as an active ingredient in agricultural insecticides because they are more cost-effective and longer acting than natural pyrethrins. λ-and γ-cyhalothrin are now used to control insects and spider mites in crops including cotton, cereals, potatoes and vegetables.

Cyhalothrin (ISO common name ) is an organic compound that, in specific isomeric forms, is used as a pesticide. It is a pyrethroid, a class of synthetic insecticides that mimic the structure and properties of the naturally occurring insecticide pyrethrin which is present in the flowers of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium. Pyrethroids, such as cyhalothrin, are often preferred as an active ingredient in agricultural insecticides because they are more cost-effective and longer acting than natural pyrethrins. λ-and γ-cyhalothrin are now used to control insects and spider mites in crops including cotton, cereals, potatoes and vegetables.

Agriculture

, typical pest controlled by cyhalothrin]] The first, and still main, use of λ-cyhalothrin is to control the larvae of lepidopteran pests on crops such as cotton and cereals. Once an active ingredient has achieved registration in major territories, suppliers often expand the market by seeking label approval for additional crops and pests, after field trials have been carried out to confirm the efficacy of the product in the new situation. In the case of λ-cyhalothrin, the current US label includes its use on alfalfa; canola; corn; rice; sorghum; cereals including barley, oats and wheat; vegetable crops including broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower; cotton; legumes including soybeans; lettuce; onion; peanuts; fruit including apples and pears; sugarcane; sunflower, and tobacco. The estimated annual use of λ-cyhalothrin in US agriculture is mapped by the US Geological Survey. While the original use was almost exclusively in cotton, the compound is now applied to many crops. In 2018, the latest date for which figures are available, were used. The equivalent map for γ-cyhalothrin is also available but its use was never high and is now declining.

Malarial vector control

Many insecticides, including DDT have been used to control mosquito species carrying the malaria parasite. The use of insecticide-treated bed nets has been shown to be an effective preventative measure. The World Health Organization (WHO) has approved λ-cyhalothrin (as its 2.5% capsule suspension formulation) for this use.

Termite control

In 2003, the EPA approved the use of Impasse termite blocker containing λ-cyhalothrin to control termites around building foundations, especially where plumbing, electrical, and other utilities penetrated the concrete. Use in this way was intended to give long-term protection from the pest. FMC later introduced a similar product using γ-cyhalothrin

Brands

A comprehensive list of brand names for products containing λ-cyhalothrin and γ-cyhalothrin is not available. A brief set for the former are Karate, Kung-fu, Warrior, Cyzmic CS, Demand CS and Foliam. The latter has been sold using names including Bolton, Cobalt, Declare, Proaxis and Scion. In the United States, Ortho "Home Defense" (for indoor use), Spectracide Bug Stop, Triazicide and Hot Shot are used in the home landscape and garden markets. The Pesticide Properties Database attempts to keep track of the major brands in use. International Chemical safety information

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