Deicing

Airbus A330 being de-iced at Sheremetyevo International Airport De-icing is the process of removing snow, ice or frost from a surface. Anti-icing is the application of chemicals that not only de-ice but also remain on a surface and continue to delay the reformation of ice for a certain period of time, or prevent adhesion of ice to make mechanical removal easier. De-icing can be accomplished by mechanical methods (scraping, pushing); through the application of heat; by use of dry or liquid chemicals designed to lower the freezing point of water (various salts or brines, alcohols, glycols); or by a combination of these different techniques.

Airbus A330 being de-iced at Sheremetyevo International Airport]] De-icing is the process of removing snow, ice or frost from a surface. Anti-icing is the application of chemicals that not only de-ice but also remain on a surface and continue to delay the reformation of ice for a certain period of time, or prevent adhesion of ice to make mechanical removal easier. De-icing can be accomplished by mechanical methods (scraping, pushing); through the application of heat; by use of dry or liquid chemicals designed to lower the freezing point of water (various salts or brines, alcohols, glycols); or by a combination of these different techniques. ===Water agitator de-icer=== Water agitators are electric motors put under water that propel up warmer water and agitate the surface with it to de-ice aquatic structures on rivers and lakes in freezing temperatures. There are also agitator bubblers that use compressed air, run through a hose, and released to agitate the water. ===Salts=== Sodium chloride (NaCl or table salt; the most common de-icing chemical) Magnesium chloride ( , often added to salt to lower its working temperature) Calcium chloride ( , often added to salt to lower its working temperature, attacks concrete) Potassium chloride (KCl) Calcium magnesium acetate ( ) Potassium acetate ( ) Potassium formate ( ) Sodium formate (HCOONa) Calcium formate ( ) ===Organics=== Urea ( ), a common fertilizer Agricultural by-products, generally used as additives to sodium chloride Methanol ( ), scarcely used on roads Ethylene glycol ( ), scarcely used on roads Propylene glycol ( ), scarcely used on roads Glycerol ( ), scarcely used on roads ===Recycling=== Some airports recycle used de-icing fluid, separating water and solid contaminants, enabling reuse of the fluid in other applications. Other airports have an on-site wastewater treatment facility, and/or send collected fluid to a municipal sewage treatment plant or a commercial wastewater treatment facility.

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