Der (Sumer)
β 4 min read
Names in other languages
No names in other languages are held for this entry yet.
Article bodies are English and are not machine-translated. A name in another language is not a translation of the article.
Der (Sumerian: π·π¦ππ uru BAD 3 .AN ki ; Akkadian: π·π¦ππ uru BAD 3 .AN ki or uru de-e-ru (ki) ) was a Sumerian city-state at the site of modern Tell Aqar near al-Badra in Iraq's Wasit Governorate. It was east of the Tigris River on the border between Sumer and Elam. At one time it was thought that it might have been ancient Durum (Sumerian: uru BAD 3 ki ) but more recent scholarship has rebutted that. The principal god of Der was IΕ‘taran. In the 1st millennium BC, he was also referred to as Anu rabΓ» ("Great Anu") in Akkadian. The name of his temple at Der was Edimgalkalama.
Der (Sumerian: π·π¦ππ uru BAD 3 .AN ki ; Akkadian: π·π¦ππ uru BAD 3 .AN ki or uru de-e-ru (ki) ) was a Sumerian city-state at the site of modern Tell Aqar near al-Badra in Iraq's Wasit Governorate. It was east of the Tigris River on the border between Sumer and Elam. At one time it was thought that it might have been ancient Durum (Sumerian: uru BAD 3 ki ) but more recent scholarship has rebutted that. The principal god of Der was IΕ‘taran. In the 1st millennium BC, he was also referred to as Anu rabΓ» ("Great Anu") in Akkadian. The name of his temple at Der was Edimgalkalama.
History
of the city of Der by Enzi and his son Amar-kiku (2400 BCE), British Museum, BM 22470. ]]
Early Bronze
Der was occupied from the Early Dynastic period through Neo-Assyrian times. The local deity of the city was named Ishtaran, represented on Earth by his minister, the snake god Nirah.
Ur III period
In the late 3rd millennium, during the reign of Sulgi of the Third Dynasty of Ur, Der was mentioned twice. The Sulgi year name 11 was named "Year Ishtaran of Der was brought into his temple", and year 21 was named "Year Der was destroyed". During the time of Amar-Sin, when the king launched a long military campaign against Huhnuri, prince Shu-Sin, crown prince, left his post in Der to return and hold Ur.
Middle Bronze
In the second millennium, Der was mentioned in a tablet discovered at Mari sent by Yarim-Lim I of Yamhad; the tablet includes a reminder to Yasub-Yahad king of Der about the military help given to him for fifteen years by Yarim-Lim, followed by a declaration of war against the city in retaliation for what Yarim-Lim described as evil deeds committed by Yasub-Yahad. Rim-Sin I of Larsa reported destroying Der in his 20th year. Ammi-Ditana of Babylon also recorded destroying the city wall of Der in his 37th year, that he said had been built earlier by Damqi-ilishu of the Sealand Dynasty. In an inscription little known early Old Babylonian period ruler of Der, Ilum-muttabbil, claimed defeating the armies of Anshan, Elam, and Simaski, in alliance with MarhaΕ‘i.
Iron Age
In 720 BC the Assyrian king Sargon II moved against Elam, but the Assyrian host was defeated near Der by the combined army of king Humban-Nikash I of Elam and king Marduk-apla-iddina II of Babylon. Following the Persian conquest of Babylon in 539 BC, the Cyrus Cylinder mentions repatriating the people and restoring the sanctuary of the god of Der, among other cities.
Archaeology
While it appears that no excavation has occurred at Der, several notable objects have been discovered nearby, including a kudurru (discovered in Sippar) which confirmed the name of the site. The site itself has been heavily damaged by water over the centuries and was considered not worth excavating.
List of rulers
The following list should not be considered complete:
See also
List of cities of the ancient Near East Tell
Notes
Further reading
P. Michalowski, Durum and Uruk during the Ur III Period, Mesopotamia, vol. 12, pp. 83 β96, 1977
External links
Stela at British Museum mentioning Der
Text derived from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365085199 under CC BY-SA 4.0; modifications have been made.