Lesson plan
Dication
A dication is any cation, of general formula X 2+ , formed by the removal of two electrons from a neutral species. Diatomic dications corresponding to stable neutral species (e.g. formed by removal of two electrons from H 2 ) often decay quickly into two singly charged particles (H + ), due to the loss of electrons in bonding molecular orbitals. Energy levels of diatomic dications can be studied with good resolution by measuring the yield of pairs of zero-kinetic-energy electrons from double photoionization of a molecule as a function of the photoionizing wavelength (threshold photoelectrons coincidence spectroscopy – TPEsCO). The dication is kinetically stable. An example of a stable diatomic dication which is not formed by oxidation of a neutral diatomic molecule is the dimercury dication . An example of a polyatomic dication is , formed by oxidation of S 8 and unstable with respect to further oxidation over time to form SO 2 . Many organic dications can be detected in mass spectrometry for example (a complex) and the acetylene dication . The adamantyl dication has been synthesized.
Article summary
A dication is any cation, of general formula X 2+ , formed by the removal of two electrons from a neutral species. Diatomic dications corresponding to stable neutral species (e.g. formed by removal of two electrons from H 2 ) often decay quickly into two singly charged particles (H + ), due to the loss of electrons in bonding molecular orbitals. Energy levels of diatomic dications can be studied with good resolution by measuring the yield of pairs of zero-kinetic-energy electrons from double photoionization of a molecule as a function of the photoionizing wavelength (threshold photoelectrons coincidence spectroscopy – TPEsCO). The dication is kinetically stable. An example of a stable diatomic dication which is not formed by oxidation of a neutral diatomic molecule is the dimercury dication . An example of a polyatomic dication is , formed by oxidation of S 8 and unstable with respect to further oxidation over time to form SO 2 . Many organic dications can be detected in mass spectrometry for example (a complex) and the acetylene dication . The adamantyl dication has been synthesized.
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Discussion questions
- Summarise the article in your own words. Which single claim would you verify first, and why?
- Which claim in this article is most likely to be revised as the sources update? How would you check its current status?
- If two sources disagreed about one of these facts, what would you need in order to trust one over the other?
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