Diplotaxodon

Diplotaxodon is a small genus of seven formally described, as well as a number of undescribed, deep-water species of cichlid fish endemic to Lake Malawi in east Africa. These fishes represent a remarkable adaptive radiation of offshore and deep-water adapted fish descended from ancestral shallow water forms. They include the dominant zooplankton-feeding fish of the offshore and deep-water regions of the lake, as well as a number of larger species that appear to feed on small pelagic fishes. Adult sizes range from 10 to 30 cm in total length, depending on species.

Diplotaxodon is a small genus of seven formally described, as well as a number of undescribed, deep-water species of cichlid fish endemic to Lake Malawi in east Africa. These fishes represent a remarkable adaptive radiation of offshore and deep-water adapted fish descended from ancestral shallow water forms. They include the dominant zooplankton-feeding fish of the offshore and deep-water regions of the lake, as well as a number of larger species that appear to feed on small pelagic fishes. Adult sizes range from 10 to 30 cm in total length, depending on species. ==Species== As of 2021, there are 8 species of Diplotaxodon discovered with the most recent named as D. dentatus. During its discovery it was first inspected as D. argenteus because the teeth on oral jaws were fully exposed with closed mouth. It was then later separated from D. argenteus and named as D. dentatus because of the differences of its snout length. Diplotaxodon aeneus G. F. Turner & Stauffer, 1998 Diplotaxodon altus Stauffer, Phiri & Konings, 2018 Diplotaxodon apogon G. F. Turner & Stauffer, 1998 Diplotaxodon argenteus Trewavas, 1935 Diplotaxodon dentatus Stauffer & Konings, 2021 Diplotaxodon ecclesi W. E. Burgess & H. R. Axelrod, 1973 Diplotaxodon greenwoodi Stauffer & McKaye, 1986 Diplotaxodon limnothrissa G. F. Turner, 1994 Diplotaxodon longimaxilla Stauffer, Phiri & Konings, 2018 Diplotaxodon macrops G. F. Turner & Stauffer, 1998 ==References== Trewavas, E. (1935) A synopsis of the cichlid fishes of Lake Nyasa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (10) 16: 65-118. Available from www.malawicichlids.com Fryer, G. & Iles, T.D. (1972) The cichlid fishes of the Great Lakes of Africa. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh; TFH Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey; 641 pp. Burgess, W.E., & Axelrod, H.R. (1973) New cichlids from Lake Malawi. Tropical Fish Hobbyist 22 (2), October: 14, 87-93, 95-98. Stauffer, J.R. Jr., & McKaye, K.R. (1986). Description of a paedophagous deep-water cichlid (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Malawi, Africa. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 99: 29-33. Eccles, D.H., & Trewavas, E. (1989). Malawian cichlid fishes. The classification of some Haplochromine genera. Lake Fish Movies, Herten, Germany, 335 pp. Turner, G.F. (1994) A description of a commercially important new pelagic species of the genus Diplotaxodon (Pisces: Cichlidae) from Lake Malawi, Africa. J. Fish Biology 44, 799-807. Turner, G.F. (1995) Management, conservation and species changes of exploited fish stocks in Lake Malawi, In: T.J. Pitcher & P.J.B. Hart, eds. The Impact of Species Changes in African Lakes. London, Chapman & Hall, pp. 365–395. Thompson, A.B., Allison, E.H. & Ngatunga, B.P. (1996). Distribution and breeding biology of offshore cichlids in Lake Malawi/Niassa. Environmental Biology of Fishes 47, 235-254. Allison, E.H., K. Irvine, K Thompson, A.B. & Ngatunga, B.P. (1996) Diets and food consumption rates of pelagic fish in Lake Malawi, Africa. Freshwater Biology 35, 489-515. Turner, G.F. (1996) Offshore Cichlids of Lake Malawi. Cichlid Press, Germany. 240pp. Turner, G.F. & Stauffer, J.R. (1998) A description of three deep water cichlids of the genus Diplotaxodon (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Malawi, Africa, with a redescription of Diplotaxodon ecclesi Burgess & Axelrod. Ichthyological Explorations of Freshwaters 8, 239-252. Shaw, P.W. Turner, G.F., Idid, M.R., Robinson, R.L. & Carvalho, G.R. (2000). Genetic population structure indicates sympatric speciation of Lake Malawi pelagic cichlids. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 267, 2273-2280. Duponchelle, F. & Ribbink, A.J. (eds.). (2000). Fish Ecology Report. Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa Biodiversity Conservation Project. SADC/GEF (Southern African Development Community, Gaborone, Botswana / Global Environmental Facility, Washington, D.C.). Available from www.malawicichlids.com Turner, G.F., Robinson, R.L., Ngatunga, B.J., Shaw, P.W. & Carvalho, G.R. (2001) Pelagic cichlid fishes of Lake Malawi/Nyasa. In: Coleman, R.M. Cichlid Research State of the Art. Journal of Aquariology & Aquatic Sciences 9, 287-302. Turner, G.F., Robinson, R.L., Ngatunga, B.P., Shaw, P.W. & Carvalho, G.R. (2002) Pelagic cichlid fishes of Lake Malawi/Nyasa: biology, management and conservation. In: Cowx, I. Management and Ecology of Lake and Reservoir Fisheries. Blackwell (Fishing News Books). pp. 353–367. Turner, G.F., Robinson, R.L., Shaw, P.W. & Carvalho, G.R. (2004) Identification and biology of Diplotaxodon, Rhamphochromis and Pallidochromis. In: Snoeks, J. (ed). The cichlid diversity of Lake Malawi/Nyasa: identification, distribution and taxonomy. Cichlid Press, El Paso, Texas. Kanyerere, G.Z., A.J. Booth, A.J. & Weyl, O.L.F (2005) Management advice for the Diplotaxodon limnothrissa (Teleostei: Cichlidae) resource in the south-east arm of Lake Malawi, based on per-recruit analysis. African Journal of Aquatic Science 30, 141-145. Sugawara, T., Terai, Y., Imai, H., Turner, G.F., Koblmüller, S., Sturmbauer, C., Shichida, Y. & Okada, N. (2005) Parallelism of amino acid changes at the RH1 locus affecting spectral sensitivity among deep-water cichlids from Lakes Tanganyika and Malawi. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 102, 5448-5453. Kanyerere, G.Z., Weyl, O.L.F. & Booth, A.J. (2005) Growth, reproduction and population structure of Diplotaxodon limnothrissa in the southeast arm of Lake Malawi. African Journal of Aquatic Science 30, 37-44. Duponchelle, F., Ribbink A.J. Msukwa, A. Mafuka, J. Mandere, D. & Bootsma, H.. (2005) Food partitioning within the species-rich benthic fish community of Lake Malawi, East Africa. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, 1651-1664. Genner, M.J., Nichols, P., Carvalho, G.R., Robinson, R.L., Shaw, P.W. & Turner, G.F. (2007) Reproductive isolation among deep water cichlid fishes of Lake Malawi differing in monochromatic male breeding dress. Molecular Ecology 16, 651-662. Konings A (2007) Malawi Cichlids in their Natural Habitat, 4th Edn. Cichlids Press, El Paso, USA. (and earlier editions) Genner, M.J., Nichols, P., Shaw, P.W., Carvalho, G.R., Robinson, R.L. & Turner, G.F. (2008) Genetic homogeneity among breeding grounds and nursery areas of an exploited Lake Malawi cichlid fish. Freshwater Biology 53, 1823-1831. Duponchelle, F, Paradis, E., Ribbink, A.J. & Turner G.F. (2008) Parallel life history evolution in mouthbrooding cichlids from the African Great Lake. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 105, 15475-15480 Darwall WRT, Allison, EH, Turner GF, Irvine K (2010) Lake of flies, or lake of fish? A trophic model of Lake Malawi. Ecological Modelling 221, 713-727. Genner, M.J., Nichols, P., Shaw, P.W., Carvalho, G.R., Robinson, R.L. & Turner, G.F. (2010) Population structure on breeding grounds of Lake Malawi's ‘twilight zone’ cichlid fishes. Journal of Biogeography 37, 258-269 http://www.malawicichlids.com

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