Einstein ring
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) distorting light of a distant galaxy. Four images of the distant galaxy, corresponding to four bright spots, can be seen in this picture. An Einstein ring, also known as an Einstein–Chwolson ring or Chwolson ring (named for Orest Chwolson), is created when light from a galaxy or star passes by a massive object en route to the Earth. Due to gravitational lensing, the light is diverted, making it seem to come from different places. If source, lens, and observer are all in perfect alignment (syzygy), the light appears as a ring.
) distorting light of a distant galaxy. Four images of the distant galaxy, corresponding to four bright spots, can be seen in this picture.]] An Einstein ring, also known as an Einstein–Chwolson ring or Chwolson ring (named for Orest Chwolson), is created when light from a galaxy or star passes by a massive object en route to the Earth. Due to gravitational lensing, the light is diverted, making it seem to come from different places. If source, lens, and observer are all in perfect alignment (syzygy), the light appears as a ring. \theta_1 = \sqrt{\frac{4GM}{c^2}\;\frac{D_{LS}}{D_S D_L}}, where G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the lens, c is the speed of light, D_L is the angular diameter distance to the lens, D_S is the angular diameter distance to the source, and D_{LS} is the angular diameter distance between the lens and the source. Over cosmological distances D_{LS}\ne D_S-D_L in general. File:Euclid image of a bright Einstein ring around galaxy NGC 6505 ESA506345.tiff|Euclid image of a bright Einstein ring around galaxy NGC 6505 File:Einstein Rings (Cropped).jpg|Some observed Einstein rings by the Sloan Lens ACS (SLACS) File:Cosmic cloning SDSSJ0146-0929.jpg|Graceful arcs around SDSS J0146-0929 are examples of an Einstein ring File:Montage of the SDP.81 Einstein Ring and the lensed galaxy.jpg|Montage of the SDP.81 Einstein ring and the lensed galaxy File:The Carousel Lens.jpg|The Carousel Lens shows 7 individual galaxies lensed by one core. Additional lenses are seen further out.
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