Eneida

Eneida ( , ) is a burlesque poem in the Ukrainian language, written by Ivan Kotliarevsky in 1798¹. This mock-heroic poem is considered to be the first literary work published wholly in the Ukrainian vernacular. The talented depiction of various elements of the life of the Ukrainian people in the context of language, history, traditions and everyday life brought the poem great success among contemporaries, caused many imitations, and led to the final displacement of the old literary language from the literary use by the vernacular. Eneida is a parody of Virgil's Aeneid, where Kotliarevsky transformed the Trojan heroes into Zaporozhian Cossacks. It is a loose retelling of N. P. Osipov's 1791 ( ), written in Russian; the latter being a free translation of Aloys Blumauer's Virgils Aeneis, travestiert (1784), which in turn hails back to Paul Scarron's 1648 poem Le Virgile travesty en vers burlesques. Critics believe that it was written in the light of the destruction of Zaporozhian Host by the order of Catherine the Great. The poem was written during the formation of romanticism and nationalism in Europe. At that time, part of the Ukrainian elite was gripped by nostalgia for the Cossack time. The first three parts of the poem were published in 1798 in St. Petersburg, without the author's knowledge. The complete Eneida was published after Kotliarevsky's death in 1842¹.…

Eneida ( , ) is a burlesque poem in the Ukrainian language, written by Ivan Kotliarevsky in 1798. This mock-heroic poem is considered to be the first literary work published wholly in the Ukrainian vernacular. The talented depiction of various elements of the life of the Ukrainian people in the context of language, history, traditions and everyday life brought the poem great success among contemporaries, caused many imitations, and led to the final displacement of the old literary language from the literary use by the vernacular. Eneida is a parody of Virgil's Aeneid, where Kotliarevsky transformed the Trojan heroes into Zaporozhian Cossacks. It is a loose retelling of N. P. Osipov's 1791 ( ), written in Russian; the latter being a free translation of Aloys Blumauer's Virgils Aeneis, travestiert (1784), which in turn hails back to Paul Scarron's 1648 poem Le Virgile travesty en vers burlesques. Critics believe that it was written in the light of the destruction of Zaporozhian Host by the order of Catherine the Great. The poem was written during the formation of romanticism and nationalism in Europe. At that time, part of the Ukrainian elite was gripped by nostalgia for the Cossack time. The first three parts of the poem were published in 1798 in St. Petersburg, without the author's knowledge. The complete Eneida was published after Kotliarevsky's death in 1842. The poem is in top-100 list by "From Skovoroda to modern time: 100 most important works in Ukrainian". ==Analysis== According to Ukrainian philosopher Myroslav Popovych, Eneida belongs to the carnival and satirical literary tradition, playing on the contrast between the epic-heroic tone of Virgil's original poem and the "lowly" style of Kotliarevsky's text. The humorous effect is amplified by separate passages, which are written in a macaronic mix of vernacular Ukrainian and Classical Latin. The poem also contains references to numerous elements of Ukrainian folk tradition and represents an important source on material culture, cuisine and other aspects of daily life in Ukraine during the 18th century. ==Cultural influences== ===In art=== The first artist to illustrate the poem was Porfyriy Martynovych, a folklorist and ethnographer stemming from Kotliarevsky's native city of Poltava. Created during the 1870s, Martynovych's illustrations were first presented in 1903, during the opening of a monument to the poet in his native city. Among other notable artists who created illustrations to Eneida were Mykhailo Derehus, Ivan Padalka and Anatoliy Bazylevych, with the latter's works achieving the greatest popularity. In 1919 heroes of the poem were depicted by Heorhiy Narbut. A high relief depicting the heroes of Eneida was created by sculptor Leonid Pozen as part of the monument to Ivan Kotliarevsky in Poltava in 1903. During the 1960s two cycles of decorative porcelain compositions inspired by the poem were created by Ukrainian artists Vladyslav Shcherbyna and Valentyna Trehubova. A comic book based on the plot of Eneida was presented by Ivan Budz in 1995. ===In other spheres=== Literary cafe Eney, which functioned between 1966 and 2000 at the headquarters of the National Writers' Union of Ukraine in Kyiv, was named after the poem's main hero, and its interiors were decorated with illustrations to the work created by Anatoliy Bazylevych. ===Theatre=== In 1891 an eponymous operetta based on Eneida was created by Mykola Sadovsky. In 1910 an opera in three acts based on Kotliarevsky's poem was presented by Mykola Lysenko, with the Ukrainian-language libretto written by Liudmyla Starytska-Cherniakhivska. A 1959 production of Lysenko's work at the Kyiv Opera starred Dmytro Hnatiuk as the main protagonist. An avant-garde treatment of Eneida was prepared in 1927 by Boris Erdman, but there is no data if it was ever realized. In 1986 a new production of Eneida premiered at the Ivan Franko National Academic Drama Theater with libretto by Ivan Drach, starring among others Natalia Sumska and Bohdan Stupka. Kotliarevskyi's work has also been adopted as rock opera and is present in the repertoire of Kyiv Puppet Theatre. ===Film=== Adventures of Cossack Eney ( ), a 1969 Soviet Ukrainian animation film created by Eduard Kirych. Eneida, a 1991 Ukrainian animation film directed by Volodymyr Dakhno; first animated feature film to premiere in independent Ukraine. ===Other genres=== A multimedia performance based on Eneida premiered in 2017 at the Arsenal Book Festival, with author's narration by Yurii Andrukhovych.

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