Esma

The Česma is a river in central Croatia, a left tributary of the river Lonja-Trebež. It is long, and its catchment area is . It is created by merging streams Grđevica and Barna at near the village of Pavlovac in the municipality of Veliki Grđevac. The Česma basin is fan-shaped and formed by a number of streams rising on the slopes of Bilogora and Moslavačka Gora hills. Southern sides of Bilogora slightly goes downhill, rugged with numerous ravines and gullies, steeply and deeply cut in. On the sides appear numerous springs, whose flow reduces or dries up during the dry part of the year. It has a small drop (small difference in altitude between the source and the mouth) which was causing frequent floods before the regulation of the riverbed. The area around the watercourse of Česma till a hundred years ago was subject of flooding, which is why it was swampy. After that, Česma river and its tributaries was channelized, embankments were built for flood protection, and the soil is dried to obtain arable land as well as the fight against malaria. At the site of former wetlands now are fish ponds that supply water from streams that flows into the Česma river. These ponds are one of the last refuge of wading birds between the Drava and Sava rivers. Along Česma river there are several major fish farming complexes.…

Esma or ESMA may refer to: ==Acronyms== Escuela Superior Militar de Aviación "Cosme Rennella B.", Ecuadorian Air Force Former Escuela Superior de Mecánica de la Armada, used as a detention centre in Argentina 1976–1983, now Navy Petty-Officers School Essential Services Maintenance Act, India European Securities and Markets Authority, Paris European Society for Mathematics and the Arts École Supérieure Des Métiers Artistiques :fr:École supérieure des métiers artistiques ==Given name== Esma Agolli (1928–2010), Albanian actress Esma Aydemir (born 1992¹), Turkish middle-distance runner Esma Nur Çakmak (born 2004), Turkish female arm wrestler Esma Cannon (1905–1972), Australian film actor Esma Gökülü (born 2005), Turkish judoka Esmâ Ibret Hanim (1780–?), Ottoman calligrapher and poet Esmaa Mohamoud (born 1992), African-Canadian sculptor Esma Nayman (1899–1967), Turkish politician Esma Oniani (1938–1999), Georgian poet, essayist, and painter Esma Redžepova (1943–2016), Romani Macedonian vocalist, songwriter, and humanitarian Esma Sultan (disambiguation), three Ottoman princesses Esma Ulqinaku (born 1940), Albanian politician Esma Voloder, Bosnian-Australian actress, model, beauty pageant titleholder ==Other uses== Esma Sultana Mansion

Text derived from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1374578035 under CC BY-SA 4.0; modifications have been made.