FGF4
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Fibroblast growth factor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF4 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities and are involved in a variety of biological processes including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. This gene was identified by its oncogenic transforming activity. This gene and FGF3, another oncogenic growth factor, are located closely on chromosome 11. Co-amplification of both genes was found in various kinds of human tumors. Studies on the mouse homolog suggested a function in bone morphogenesis and limb development through the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway.
Fibroblast growth factor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF4 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities and are involved in a variety of biological processes including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. This gene was identified by its oncogenic transforming activity. This gene and FGF3, another oncogenic growth factor, are located closely on chromosome 11. Co-amplification of both genes was found in various kinds of human tumors. Studies on the mouse homolog suggested a function in bone morphogenesis and limb development through the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway.
Clinical significance
In canines, FGF4 retrogene insertions on chromosomes 12 and 18 have important clinical implications, particularly in relation to skeletal morphology and intervertebral disc disease (IVDD). These insertions are associated with disproportionate dwarfism characterized by shortened limbs and abnormal vertebral development. The FGF4 retrogene on chromosome 12 is particularly associated with chondrodystrophy, a condition marked by shortened long bones, premature degeneration of intervertebral discs, and increased susceptibility to IVDD. These dogs often develop clinical symptoms such as spinal pain, limb weakness, and in severe cases, paralysis. Meanwhile, the insertion on chromosome 18 contributes to a similar short-limbed phenotype but with variable impact on disc health. Recognition of these genetic variants has practical implications for veterinary care and breeding strategies, especially in predisposed breeds like Dachshunds, Corgis, and Basset Hounds.
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