Firman
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A firman ( ; ), at the constitutional level, was a royal mandate or decree issued by a sovereign in an Islamic state. During various periods such firmans were collected and applied as traditional bodies of law. The English word firman comes from the Persian meaning "decree" or "order".
A firman ( ; ), at the constitutional level, was a royal mandate or decree issued by a sovereign in an Islamic state. During various periods such firmans were collected and applied as traditional bodies of law. The English word firman comes from the Persian meaning "decree" or "order". Farmān is the modern Persian form of the word and descends from Middle Persian (Pahlavi) , ultimately from Old Persian ( = "fore"). The difference between the modern Persian and Old Persian forms stems from "dropping the ending ā and insertion of a vowel owing to the initial double consonant". This feature (i.e. fra-) was still used in the Middle Persian form. The Turkish form of the word farmān is fermān, whereas the Arabized plural form of the word is . ==See also== Firman of Karamanoğlu Mehmet Bey Firman of Mahbub Ali Khan Waqf Decree of Muharram ==References== ==Further reading==
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