Flexicurity

Flexicurity (a portmanteau of "flexibility" and "security") is a welfare state model with a pro-active labour market policy. The term was coined by the social democratic prime minister of Denmark Poul Nyrup Rasmussen in the 1990s. The term refers to the combination of labour market flexibility in a dynamic economy and security for workers. The Government of Denmark views flexicurity as entailing a "golden triangle" with a "three-sided mix of (1) flexibility in the labour market combined with (2) social security and (3) an active labour market policy with rights and obligations for the unemployed". The European Commission considers flexicurity as an integrated strategy to simultaneously enhance flexibility and security in the labour market. Flexicurity is designed and implemented across four policy components: 1) flexible and reliable contractual arrangements; 2) comprehensive lifelong learning strategies; 3) effective active labour market policies; and 4) modern social security systems providing adequate income support during employment transitions. It is important to recognize that the flexicurity concept has been developed in countries with high wages, besides clear progressive taxation, as in for example, Denmark.

Flexicurity (a portmanteau of "flexibility" and "security") is a welfare state model with a pro-active labour market policy. The term was coined by the social democratic prime minister of Denmark Poul Nyrup Rasmussen in the 1990s. The term refers to the combination of labour market flexibility in a dynamic economy and security for workers. The Government of Denmark views flexicurity as entailing a "golden triangle" with a "three-sided mix of (1) flexibility in the labour market combined with (2) social security and (3) an active labour market policy with rights and obligations for the unemployed". The European Commission considers flexicurity as an integrated strategy to simultaneously enhance flexibility and security in the labour market. Flexicurity is designed and implemented across four policy components: 1) flexible and reliable contractual arrangements; 2) comprehensive lifelong learning strategies; 3) effective active labour market policies; and 4) modern social security systems providing adequate income support during employment transitions. It is important to recognize that the flexicurity concept has been developed in countries with high wages, besides clear progressive taxation, as in for example, Denmark. Kreiner, Claus Thustrup, and Michael Svarer. 2022. "Danish Flexicurity: Rights and Duties." Journal of Economic Perspectives 36 (4): 81–102. EC (European Commission) (2006) "Vladimír Špidla, Member of the European Commission responsible for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities, Informal Ministerial Meeting: "Flexicurity", Informal Ministerial Meeting: "Flexicurity", Villach (Austria), 20 January 2006" Press release, http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/06/20&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en. EC (European Commission) (2006) Employment in Europe 2006, Office for Official Publication of the European Communities: Luxembourg. EC (European Commission) (2007) "New EU report shows active labour policy can increase employment rate despite low growth", http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/emplweb/news/news_en.cfm?id=81. Esping-Andersen, G. (1999) Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies, Oxford University Press: Oxford. Esping-Andersen, G. and M. Regini (Eds.) (2000) Why Deregulate Labour Markets? Oxford University Press: Oxford. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (2007) "Flexicurity", http://www.eurofound.eu.int/areas/industrialrelations/dictionary/definitions/FLEXICURITY.htm . Jørgensen, H. (2000) "Danish labour market policy since 1994 – the new 'Columbus' egg' of labour market regulation?" in P. Klemmer and R. Wink (Eds.) Preventing Unemployment in Europe, Ruhr Research Institute for Regional and Innovation Policy, Edward Elgar: Cheltenham. Madsen, P.K. (2006) "How can it possibly fly? The paradox of a dynamic labour market in a Scandinavian welfare state" in J.L. Campbell, J.A. Hall, O.K. Pedersen (Eds.) National Identity and a variety of Capitalism: The Case of Denmark, McGill University Press: Montreal. Anderson, J. (2009) "2009 Tax Misery & Reform Index" Forbes Magazine, . Sherman, L. (2009) "World's Happiest Places" Forbes Magazine, https://www.forbes.com/2009/05/05/world-happiest-places-lifestyle-travel-world-happiest.html Nickell, S. and R. Layard (1999) "Labour market institutions and economic performance" in O. Ashenfelter and D. Card (Eds.) Handbook of Labour Economics, Elsevier: Amsterdam. Schulze-Cleven T., B. Watson, and J. Zysman (2007) "How Wealthy Nations Can Stay Wealthy: Innovation and Adaptability in a Digital Era" New Political Economy, 12:4, 451–475. Wilthagen, T. and F. Tros (2004) "The Concept of 'Flexicurity': a new approach to regulating employment and labour markets" in 'Flexicurity: Conceptual Issues and Political Implementation in Europe' Tanfer, European Review of labour and research, vol. 10, No.2. Newsarticle EurActiv 09-21-2005 Newsarticle Politiek-digitaal 09-21-2005 (Dutch) Indymedia 2004 FLEXICURITY: Economic Miracle or Social Draw Back? - A Critical Analysis Of The Danish Social Model A study based on facts and figures

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