fraternization

Fraternization (from Latin frater meaning "brother") is the act of establishing intimate relations between people or groups. It is generally used to refer to establishing relations that are considered unethical, controversial, problematic, or illegal. In many institutional contexts (such as militaries, diplomatic corps, parliaments, prisons, law enforcement or police, schools, sports teams, gangs and corporations) fraternization transgresses legal, moral, or professional norms forbidding certain categories of social contact across socially or legally defined classes. The term often tends to connote impropriety, unprofessionalism or a lack of ethics. For example, "fraternization with the enemy" refers to associations with members of enemy groups and suggests a strong, deep, close, or romantic interest with an adversary which can be viewed as treason. "Fraternization with civilians" typically suggests transgression between members of the military or law enforcement with a civilian populace. "Fraternization of officers with enlisted personnel" or "seniors with their juniors" (the usual meaning in a military context) describes associations that are considered personal relations between higher rank personnel and lower personnel. Many institutions worldwide implement policies forbidding forms of fraternization for many specific reasons.…

Fraternization (from Latin frater meaning "brother") is the act of establishing intimate relations between people or groups. It is generally used to refer to establishing relations that are considered unethical, controversial, problematic, or illegal. In many institutional contexts (such as militaries, diplomatic corps, parliaments, prisons, law enforcement or police, schools, sports teams, gangs and corporations) fraternization transgresses legal, moral, or professional norms forbidding certain categories of social contact across socially or legally defined classes. The term often tends to connote impropriety, unprofessionalism or a lack of ethics. For example, "fraternization with the enemy" refers to associations with members of enemy groups and suggests a strong, deep, close, or romantic interest with an adversary which can be viewed as treason. "Fraternization with civilians" typically suggests transgression between members of the military or law enforcement with a civilian populace. "Fraternization of officers with enlisted personnel" or "seniors with their juniors" (the usual meaning in a military context) describes associations that are considered personal relations between higher rank personnel and lower personnel. Many institutions worldwide implement policies forbidding forms of fraternization for many specific reasons. Fraternization may be forbidden to maintain image and morale, to protect and ensure fair and uniform treatment of subordinates, to maintain organizational integrity and the ability to achieve operational goals, and to prevent unauthorized transfers of information. Relations and activities forbidden under anti-fraternization policies may be romantic and sexual liaisons, gambling and ongoing business relationships, insubordination, or excessive familiarity and disrespect of rank. Views on fraternization are mixed and may depend on the relations and classes under discussion. Organizations may relax, change, or reinforce restrictions to reflect changes in the prevailing organizational view or doctrine regarding fraternization. Within an in-group fraternization may lead to friendship and self-actualization. ===Allied occupation of Germany=== ordered "No Fraternization" between US troops and the German people. Over a period of many months, the policy was loosened, first by permitting US GIs to talk to German children and then allowing them to talk to adults, both in certain circumstances. When the Allied invasion of Germany began in autumn 1944, no standard rule on fraternization existed for American soldiers. JCS 1067 later implemented a strict non-fraternization policy with fines based on the fear of attacks by Werwolf fanatics willing to die for Nazi ideology, but soldiers instead found a defeated and desperate people. The policy was widely ignored after V-E Day. Annualized Venereal disease rates rose from 50 to 190 cases per 1000 soldiers in the first three months of the occupation, and to more than 250 by the end of 1945. The fraternization prohibition probably discouraged soldiers from obtaining prophylactics or requesting treatment. In June 1945, the prohibition against speaking with German children was made less strict. In July, it became possible to speak to German adults in certain circumstances; happy soldiers called the rule change "the fraternization order", with enforcement of only the prohibitions on marriage and living in civilian homes continuing. Some units even sponsored fraternization, inviting girls of good character to social events. In September, the policy was abandoned in Austria and Germany. A November 1945 survey found that 56% of American soldiers had been "talking" with German girls during the previous seven days; 25% for ten hours or more. In the earliest stages of the American zone of occupation, US soldiers were not allowed to pay maintenance for a child they admitted having fathered since to do so was considered as "aiding the enemy". Marriages between US soldiers and Austrian women were not permitted until January 1946 and with German women until December 1946. A similar ban existed in the British zone of occupation. The War Office notably published that German women "will be willing, if they can get the chance, to make themselves cheap for what they can get out of you" in its handbook distributed to soldiers stationed in Germany. In spite of the ban, soldiers still knowingly had contact with local women, especially civilian employees. Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery, Eisenhower's counterpart, was against the ban, and it was lifted in July 1945. French and Soviet soldiers were never prohibited from fraternization. New York Assembly policy prohibiting fraternization with student interns The Church of Greece on Adelphopoiia Fraternization and the Uncensored Occupation book chapter by Ann Elizabeth Pfau

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