{
  "id": "enwiki-001308569920",
  "slug": "fred-chatbot",
  "title": "Fred (chatbot)",
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  "lead": "Fred, or FRED, was an early chatbot written by Robby Garner.",
  "body": "Fred, or FRED, was an early chatbot written by Robby Garner. ==History== The name Fred was initially suggested by Karen Lindsey, and then Robby jokingly came up with an acronym, \"Functional Response Emulation Device.\" Fred has also been implemented as a Java application by Paco Nathan called JFRED . Fred Chatterbot is designed to explore Natural Language communications between people and computer programs. In particular, this is a study of conversation between people and ways that a computer program can learn from other people's conversations to make its own conversations. Fred used a minimalistic \"stimulus-response\" approach. It worked by storing a database of statements and their responses, and made its own reply by looking up the input statements made by a user and then rendering the corresponding response from the database. This approach simplified the complexity of the rule base, but required expert coding and editing for modifications. Fred was a predecessor to Albert One, which Garner used in 1998 and 1999 to win the Loebner Prize. ==See also== Albert One Conditioning Robby Garner ==References== ==External links== Download Fred simonlaven.com JFRED mac.com Turing Hub testing turinghub.com",
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    "title": "Fred (chatbot)",
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    "container-title": "encyclopegia.org",
    "publisher": "Anticloud FZ LLE",
    "publisher-place": "Dubai, United Arab Emirates",
    "URL": "https://encyclopegia.org/a/fred-chatbot",
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
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          2026,
          11,
          15
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          2026,
          11,
          15
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    "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
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