Guben

Guben ( ; Polish and Sorbian: Gubin) is a town on the Lusatian Neisse river in Lower Lusatia, in the state of Brandenburg, in eastern Germany. Located in the Spree-Neiße district, Guben has a population of 20,049. It is a divided city on the border between Germany and Poland, having been separated into Guben and Gubin by the Oder–Neisse line in 1945.

Guben ( ; Polish and Sorbian: Gubin) is a town on the Lusatian Neisse river in Lower Lusatia, in the state of Brandenburg, in eastern Germany. Located in the Spree-Neiße district, Guben has a population of 20,049. It is a divided city on the border between Germany and Poland, having been separated into Guben and Gubin by the Oder–Neisse line in 1945. Guben is located in the district (Landkreis) of Spree-Neiße in the southeast of the state of Brandenburg. It is in the historical region of Lower Lusatia. Guben's position on the banks of the Lusatian Neisse between two plateaus was advantageous in its early economic development. These plateaus developed from ground moraines of the Weichselian glaciation period. Both the western (Kaltenborner Berge = Kaltenborn Hills) and eastern (Gubener Berge = Guben Hills) ended up as terminal moraines. The surrounding land is covered with pine forests and lakes. ===Medieval and early modern period=== and Electorate of Saxony]] The trade settlement existed since the 11th century. In the early 11th century it became part of the early Polish state under Bolesław I the Brave, and later it fell to the March of Lusatia. Gubin began to develop around 1200 as a trade and marketplace on the roads between Leipzig and Poznań and between Görlitz and Frankfurt (Oder). In the early 13th century it was part of the Duchy of Silesia within fragmented Piast-ruled Poland, and it was mentioned under the name Gubin in a document of Duke Henry the Bearded in 1211. Lost by Poland in 1224, afterwards it often changed affiliation. A settlement on the eastern shore of the Lusatian Neisse was protected by swamps to the south and by the Lubsza, a tributary of the Neisse, to the north and the east. Henry III, Margrave of Meissen, granted this settlement Magdeburg rights on 1 June 1235, and declared it an oppidum (town). On the western shore of the river, a cloister of Benedictine nuns began developing as an outlying suburb of the town on the eastern shore of the river. In a charter of 1312 Guben received its coat of arms displaying three towers. In 1319 the town was unsuccessfully besieged by King John of Bohemia, and afterwards it fell to the Dukes of Saxe-Wittenberg, before it was captured by House of Wittelsbach in 1324. It was regained by the Silesian Piasts in 1362, and in 1364 and 1367 Duke Bolko II the Small confirmed old privileges of Guben. In 1368 the town passed to the Kingdom of Bohemia, in 1469 it passed under Hungarian suzerainty, and in 1490 it fell back to Bohemia. The town was fortified in the 14th century with earthworks, trenches, and wooden planking, and then refortified from 1523 to 1544. In 1635 Elector John George I of Saxony received Lower Lusatia and Guben in the Peace of Prague. File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Guben.pdf|Development of population since 1875 within the current Boundaries (Blue Line: Population; Dotted Line: Comparison to Population development in Brandenburg state; Grey Background: Time of Nazi Germany; Red Background: Time of communist East Germany) File:Bevölkerungsprognosen Guben.pdf|Recent Population Development and Projections (Population Development before Census 2011 (blue line); Recent Population Development according to the Census in Germany in 2011 (blue bordered line); Official projections for 2005-2030 (yellow line); for 2017-2030 (scarlet line); for 2020-2030 (green line) ==Notable people== Johann Crüger (1598–1662), hymns composer, cantor in Berlin (St. Nicolai) Johann Franck (1618–1677), lawyer, mayor of Guben, hymns poet Corona Schröter (1751–1802), musician and singer who was a close confidant of Johann von Goethe Ludwig von Falkenhausen (1844–1936), Colonel General, 1917–1918 Governor General in Belgium Alexander Tschirch (1856–1939), a pharmacologist in Bern, Switzerland Ludwig von Reuter (1869–1943), Admiral of the Imperial Navy, commanded 1919. sinking in Scapa Flow Wilhelm Pieck (1876–1960), politician (KPD, SED) member of the Reichstag, President of the GDR Heinrich Gaedcke (1905–1992), officer in the Reichswehr, Wehrmacht and Bundeswehr Gerhard Pohl (1937–2012), engineer, politician and Minister of Economy of the GDR Barbara Dittus (1939–2001), actress Danilo Hondo (born 1974¹), cyclist, German Champion 2002 Ska Keller (born 1981), politician (The Greens), Member of European Parliament Katja Hoyer (born 1985), historian and writer ==Twin towns== Guben is twinning with the following towns: Cittadella, Italy Gubin, Poland Laatzen, Germany ==See also== Guben station, Guben Central Vettersfelde Treasure, historic gold treasure

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