Lesson plan
Hell wardens
In Buddhism, the Hell Wardens (nirayapāla) torture the sinners in Naraka (hell). Sometimes they serve under Yama, the king of death and the underworld, in Indian beliefs. According to Vasubandhu, the Hell Wardens have no external reality, but are merely a subjective perception formed from bad karma.
Article summary
In Buddhism, the Hell Wardens (nirayapāla) torture the sinners in Naraka (hell). Sometimes they serve under Yama, the king of death and the underworld, in Indian beliefs. According to Vasubandhu, the Hell Wardens have no external reality, but are merely a subjective perception formed from bad karma.
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Discussion questions
- Summarise the article in your own words. Which single claim would you verify first, and why?
- Which claim in this article is most likely to be revised as the sources update? How would you check its current status?
- If two sources disagreed about one of these facts, what would you need in order to trust one over the other?
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Key claims and bibliography are generated from the same tracked claims and sources as the article page.