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InDuna

iNduna (plural: iziNduna) is a Zulu/Xhosa title meaning advisor, great leader, ambassador, headman or commander of a group of warriors. It can also mean spokesperson or mediator, as the iziNduna often acted as a bridge between the people and the king. The title was reserved for senior officials appointed by the king or chief and was awarded to individuals held in high esteem for their qualities of leadership, bravery or service to the community. The iziNduna would regularly gather for an indaba to discuss important issues. In other Bantu cultures in South Africa, Nduna it is a male title given to the political representative of the Monarch either a King or Chief. Most Ndunas serves as Royal Councillors. They are succeeded by their eldest son. Bantu Tribal customs force Ndunas to marry women from noble houses. Alliance amongst the Ndunas was through arranged marriages. Reigning Monarchs also married their daughters to Ndunas for political support. Powerful Ndunas rule over large territories. They have villages and towns named after them. In today's proper English term Induna would be a Duke. Ndunankulu it's Grand Duke serving as Prime Minister of the Tribal Nation. Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi perfected the role for the Zulu Nation . Bapedi Royal Family named Ngoako Ramatlhodi as their Traditional Prime Minister. They call him Tonakgolo ya Sechaba sa Bapedi.…

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iNduna (plural: iziNduna) is a Zulu/Xhosa title meaning advisor, great leader, ambassador, headman or commander of a group of warriors. It can also mean spokesperson or mediator, as the iziNduna often acted as a bridge between the people and the king. The title was reserved for senior officials appointed by the king or chief and was awarded to individuals held in high esteem for their qualities of leadership, bravery or service to the community. The iziNduna would regularly gather for an indaba to discuss important issues. In other Bantu cultures in South Africa, Nduna it is a male title given to the political representative of the Monarch either a King or Chief. Most Ndunas serves as Royal Councillors. They are succeeded by their eldest son. Bantu Tribal customs force Ndunas to marry women from noble houses. Alliance amongst the Ndunas was through arranged marriages. Reigning Monarchs also married their daughters to Ndunas for political support. Powerful Ndunas rule over large territories. They have villages and towns named after them. In today's proper English term Induna would be a Duke. Ndunankulu it's Grand Duke serving as Prime Minister of the Tribal Nation. Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi perfected the role for the Zulu Nation . Bapedi Royal Family named Ngoako Ramatlhodi as their Traditional Prime Minister. They call him Tonakgolo ya Sechaba sa Bapedi.…

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Discussion questions

  1. Summarise the article in your own words. Which single claim would you verify first, and why?
  2. Which claim in this article is most likely to be revised as the sources update? How would you check its current status?
  3. If two sources disagreed about one of these facts, what would you need in order to trust one over the other?

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