inversion

in discrete mathematics, a pair of positions in a sequence where two elements are out of sorted order

Inversion or inversions may refer to: ==Arts== Inversion (artwork), a 2005 temporary sculpture in Houston, Texas Inversion (music), a term with various meanings in music theory and musical set theory Inversions (novel) by Iain M. Banks Inversion (video game), a 2012 third person shooter for Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and PC Inversions (EP), the 2014 extended play album by American rock music ensemble The Colourist Inversions (album), a 2019 album by Belinda O'Hooley Inversion (film), a 2016 Iranian film ==Linguistics and language== Inversion (linguistics), grammatical constructions where two expressions switch their order of appearance Inversion (prosody), the reversal of the order of a foot's elements in poetry Anastrophe, a figure of speech also known as an inversion ==Mathematics and logic== Additive inverse Involution (mathematics), a function that is its own inverse (when applied twice, the starting value is obtained) Inversion (discrete mathematics), any item that is out of order in a sequence Inverse element Inverse function, a function that undoes the operation of another function. Inversive geometry#Circle inversion, a transformation of the Euclidean plane that maps generalized circles to generalized circles Inversion in a point, or point reflection, a kind of isometric (distance-preserving) transformation in a Euclidean space Inversion transformation, a conformal transformation (one which preserves angles of intersection) Method of inversion, the image of a harmonic function in a sphere (or plane); see Method of image charges Multiplicative inverse, the reciprocal of a number (or any other type of element for which a multiplication function is defined) Matrix inversion, an operation on a matrix that results in its multiplicative inverse Model inversion Set inversion ===Biology and medicine=== Inversion (evolutionary biology), a hypothesis about the evolution of the dorsoventral axis in animals Inversion (kinesiology), movement of the sole towards the median plane Chromosomal inversion, where a segment of a chromosome is reversed end-to-end Inversion therapy, the practice of hanging upside down (heart higher than head) for supposed health benefits ===Geology=== Inversion (geology), the relative uplift of a previously basinal area resulting from local shortening, in structural geology Quartz inversion, a change in the crystal structure of quartz at high temperatures Relief inversion, when a previous depression becomes a landform that stands out from its surroundings Seismic inversion, transforming seismic reflection data into a quantitative rock-property description of a geological formation ===Physics and chemistry=== Island of inversion, a group of elements with abnormal nuclear shell structure Nitrogen inversion, a chemical process in which a trigonal nitrogen-containing structure turns inside-out Population inversion, in statistical mechanics, when a system exists in state with more members in an excited state than in lower-energy states Pyramidal inversion, a chemical process in which a trigonal structure turns inside-out Inverted sugar syrup, a chemical reaction converting sucrose into glucose and fructose ===Other uses in the natural sciences=== Inverse problem, the process of calculating from a set of observations the causal factors that produced them Inversion (meteorology), air temperature increasing with height ==Other uses== Priority inversion, the condition of a low-priority task holding a shared resource that a high-priority task needs Inversion in postcolonial theory, a discursive strategy/gesture in cultural and subaltern studies Roller coaster inversion, which turns riders upside-down Tax inversion, a form of tax avoidance by moving corporate ownership to low-tax nations

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