Islam

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{{Sidebar with collapsible lists | name = religion sidebar | pretitle = Part of a series on | pretitlestyle = padding-top:0.8em; | titlestyle = padding-bottom:0.5em; | title = Religion | listtitlestyle = background:transparent; text-align:center; font-size:100%; | centered list titles = yes | image = | imagestyle = padding-bottom:1em; | listclass = hlist | liststyle = padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em; padding-bottom:0.25em; font-size: 11px; | expanded = |} | abovestyle = padding:0.5em 2em 0.5em; display:block; background-color: #efefef; | above = Outline Lists Category Index History Portal | list1name = religions | list1title = Religions | list1titlestyle = padding-top:0.5em; | list1 = | list2name = schools | list2title = Schools | list2titlestyle = border-top:1px solid #A2A9B1; padding-top:0.5em; | list2 = Acosmism Agnosticism Animism Antireligion Apatheism Atheism Creationism Dharmism Deism Divine command theory Dualism Esotericism Elite religion Exclusivism Existentialism atheist Christian Feminist Fideism Folk religion Fundamentalism Gnosticism Henotheism Hermeticism Humanism Christian religious secular Ietsism Ignosticism Inclusivism Kathenotheism Lived religion Monism Monotheism Mysticism Naturalism humanistic metaphysical religious New Age Nondualism Nontheism Omnism Pandeism Panentheism Pantheism Perennialism Polytheism Process theology Shendao shejiao Spiritualism Shamanism Taoic Theism Transcendentalism Transtheism Unitarianism | list3name = concepts | list3title = Concepts | list3titlestyle = border-top:1px solid #A2A9B1; padding-top:0.5em; | list3 = Afterlife Anthropopathism Apophatism Aseity Belief Brahman Cataphatism Cult Demiurge Divinely simple Eschatology Enlightenment Eternalness Euthyphro dilemma Existence of God Faith Form of the Good Gender of God Gnosis Holy Spirit Intelligent design Liberation Maltheist Miracle Names of God New religious movement Omnibenevolence Omnipotence Omnipresence Omniscience Pandeist Personal Prayer Problem of evil Process theology Religious belief Religious language Reincarnation Religious faith Revelation Scripture Soul Summum bonum Tawhid Theological veto Transcendence Trinity Supreme Being Unmoved mover Spirit Worship | list4name = figures | list4title = Founding figures | list4titlestyle = border-top:1px solid #A2A9B1; padding-top:0.5em; | list4= Jesus (Christianity) Muhammad (Islam) Abraham (Judaism) Siddhartha Gautama (Buddhism) Guru Nanak (Sikhism) Mahavira (Jainism) Zoroaster (Zoroastrianism) Hamza ibn Ali (Druzism) Laozi (Taoism) Confucius (Confucianism) Baháʼu'lláh (Baháʼí Faith) | belowclass = plainlist | belowstyle = text-align:center;font-weight:normal; padding:1em 1em 1em; | below = This is a subseries on philosophy. In order to explore related topics, please visit navigation. }} Islam is an Abrahamic religion based on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad. The monotheistic religion has an estimated 2 billion worldwide adherents, called Muslims. Islam is the world's second-largest religious population after Christianity. , a surah from the Quran]] Muslims believe that there is a primordial faith that was revealed many times through earlier prophets and messengers, including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus, and they believe that Islam is the universal and complete version of this faith. Muslims consider the Quran to be the verbatim word of God and the unaltered, final revelation. Alongside the Quran, Muslims also believe in previous revelations, such as the Tawrat (Torah), the Zabur (Psalms), and the Injil (Gospel). They believe that Muhammad is the main and final of God's prophets, through whom the religion was completed, and after whom no new prophet or divine law will come. The teachings and normative examples of Muhammad, called the Sunnah, documented in accounts called hadith, provide a constitutional model for Muslims. Islam is based on the belief in the oneness and uniqueness of God ( ), and belief in an afterlife ( ) with the Last Judgment—wherein the righteous will be rewarded in paradise ( ) and the unrighteous will be punished in hell ( ). The Five Pillars, considered obligatory acts of worship, are the Islamic oath and creed ( ), daily prayers ( ), almsgiving ( ), fasting ( ) in the month of Ramadan, and a pilgrimage ( ) to Mecca. Islamic law, , touches on virtually every aspect of life, from banking and finance and welfare to men's roles and women's roles and the environment. The two main religious festivals are Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. The three holiest sites in Islam are Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Prophet's Mosque in Medina, and al-Aqsa Mosque Compound in Jerusalem. The religion of Islam originated in Mecca . Muslims believe this is when Muhammad received his first revelation. By the time of his death, most of the Arabian Peninsula had converted to Islam. Muslim rule expanded outside Arabia under the Rashidun Caliphate. The two main Islamic branches are Sunni Islam (87–90%) and Shia Islam (10–13%). While the Shia–Sunni divide initially arose from disagreements over the succession to Muhammad, they grew to cover a broader dimension, both theologically and juridically. The Sunni canonical hadith collection consists of the six books, while the Shia canonical hadith collection consists of the four books. Muslims make up a majority of the population in 53 countries. Approximately 12% of the world's Muslims live in Indonesia, the most populous Muslim-majority country; % live in South Asia; 20% live in the Middle East–North Africa; and 15% live in sub-Saharan Africa. Muslim communities are also present in the Americas, China, and Europe. Muslims are the world's fastest-growing major religious group, according to Pew Research. This is primarily due to a higher fertility rate and younger age structure compared to other major religions. in Istanbul, Turkey|upright=1.35]] Forerunners of Islamic modernism influenced Islamist political movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood and related parties in the Arab world, which performed well in elections following the Arab Spring, Jamaat-e-Islami in South Asia and the AK Party, which has democratically been in power in Turkey for decades. In Iran, the Iranian Revolution replaced a secular monarchy with an Islamic state. Others such as Sayyid Rashid Rida broke away from Islamic modernists and pushed against embracing what he saw as Western influence. The group Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant would even attempt to recreate the modern gold dinar as their monetary system. While some of those who broke away were quietist, others believed in violence against those opposing them, even against other Muslims. In opposition to Islamic political movements, in 20th-century Turkey, the military carried out coups to oust Islamist governments, and headscarves were legally restricted, as also happened in Tunisia. In other places, religious authority was co-opted and is now often seen as puppets of the state. For example, in Saudi Arabia, the state monopolized religious scholarship and, in Egypt, the state nationalized Al-Azhar University, previously an independent voice checking state power. Salafism was funded in the Middle East for its quietism. Saudi Arabia campaigned against revolutionary Islamist movements in the Middle East, in opposition to Iran. Muslim minorities of various ethnicities have been persecuted as a religious group. This has been undertaken by communist forces like the Khmer Rouge, who viewed them as their primary enemy to be exterminated since their religious practice made them stand out from the rest of the population, the Chinese Communist Party in Xinjiang and by nationalist forces such as during the Bosnian genocide. Myanmar military's Tatmadaw targeting of Rohingya Muslims has been labeled as a crime against humanity by the UN and Amnesty International, while the OHCHR Fact-Finding Mission identified genocide, ethnic cleansing, and other crimes against humanity. The advancement of global communication has facilitated the widespread dissemination of religious knowledge. The adoption of the hijab has grown more common and some Muslim intellectuals are increasingly striving to separate scriptural Islamic beliefs from cultural traditions. Among other groups, this access to information has led to the rise of popular "televangelist" preachers, such as Amr Khaled, who compete with the traditional ulema in their reach and have decentralized religious authority. More "individualized" interpretations of Islam notably involve Liberal Muslims who attempt to align religious traditions with contemporary secular governance, an approach that has been criticized by some regarding its compatibility. Moreover, secularism is perceived as a foreign ideology imposed by invaders and perpetuated by post-colonial ruling elites, and is frequently understood to be equivalent to anti-religion. ==Main branches or denominations== File:Sixty Dome Mosque,Bagerhat.jpg|14th-century Sixty Dome Mosque, in Khalifatabad, Bangladesh File:Djenne great mud mosque.jpg|Great Mosque of Djenné, in the west African country of Mali File:Closeup of Mir-i-Arab Madrasa.jpg|Dome in Po-i-Kalyan, Bukhara, Uzbekistan File:1 great mosque xian 2011.JPG|14th-century Great Mosque of Xi'an in China File:Masjid Menara Kudus.jpg|16th-century Menara Kudus Mosque in Indonesia showing Indian influence File:Basmalah-1wm.svg|The phrase Bismillah in an 18th-century Islamic calligraphy from the Ottoman region File:Roof hafez tomb.jpg|Geometric arabesque tiling on the underside of the dome of Hafiz Shirazi's tomb in Shiraz, Iran ===Quran and hadith=== ===Citations=== ===Sources=== Lay summary Overview.

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