Kosiv

Kosiv ( , ; Polish: ) is a city located in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, in western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Kosiv Raion (district). Kosiv hosts the administration of Kosiv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: Its distinctive ceramics were inscribed to UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage List in 2021.

Kosiv ( , ; Polish: ) is a city located in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, in western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Kosiv Raion (district). Kosiv hosts the administration of Kosiv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: Its distinctive ceramics were inscribed to UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage List in 2021.

Names

, , , , . From 1918 to 1945, the town, which at that time was part of the Second Polish Republic, was officially called Kosów Huculski.

History

Initially, a small Hutsul settlement with the remnants of a small castle destroyed by the Turks, Kosiv was founded on the Ribnica (river). The first written mention of it is in the Grant Charter of Lithuanian Duke Svitrigaila, on September 31, 1424. At that time, the village was in the territory of what is today Old Kosiv. In 1565, not far from modern-day Kosiv, Starosta of Sniatyn, Tenczynski founded a town named Rukiv (Polish: Rukow). Polish Crown Hetman Jerzy Jazlowiecki, the owner of Kuty, later destroyed it. Some years later, the town was recovered and named Kosiv (the earlier village of this name thus became Old Kosiv). Until 1772, Kosiv/Kosów was under Polish control. As a result of the first of Partitions of Poland (Treaty of St. Petersburg dated 5 July 1772), Kosiv was attributed to the Habsburg Empire, as part of Austrian Galicia. Since 1867, Kosiv was the administrative center of the Kossow Bezirkshauptmannschaft (Austrian name of the district). In 1919, after the Great War, the area returned to Poland and was turned into a powiat seat within the Stanisławów Voivodship. In the Second Polish Republic, Kosów emerged as one of the most popular spas. The Kosów spa was founded in 1891¹ by doctor Apolinary Tarnawski. Here, in 1911, one of the first units of the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association was created by Kazimierz and Witold Lutosławski, and Olga Drohnowska. Kosów Huculski, as it was called, attracted top names of the interbellum Poland. The spa was visited, among others, by Roman Dmowski, Ignacy Daszynski, Wojciech Korfanty, Gabriela Zapolska, Juliusz Osterwa, Maria Dabrowska, Melchior Wankowicz, Xawery Dunikowski, Karol Adwentowicz, Leon Schiller, Stanisław Dygat, Jozef Pankiewicz, and Lucjan Rydel. In 1939, Kosów Huculski became part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) as a result of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and the Invasion of Poland. Here, in September 1939, the government of Poland crossed the Romanian border. Despite this pact, Kosiv was occupied by Nazi Germany from July 1, 1941, until April 2, 1944. After that time it was, again, a member of the Soviet Union, until the independence of Ukraine in 1991. At the beginning of World War II, around 3700 Jews lived in Kosiv. In October, 1941, the German security police, leading on Pidzamche street to the so-called "Town Mountain", rounded up and shot more than 2000 Jews, burning them in mass grave. In April 1942, the authorities forced 1000 Jews to move to Kolomyja, though some returned to Kosiv. In September, most of the remaining Jews in Kosiv were rounded up. Some were shot in Kosiv, 500 were sent to prison, and the rest sent to Kolomyja and from there to Belzec where they were immediately murdered. In October and November, the Jews left behind and in hiding were murdered in Kosiv. About 100 Kosiv Jews survived, some hiding with sympathetic local inhabitants, others by fleeing the area. The distinctive painted ceramics from Kosiv originated in the 1700s and reflect the history and culture of Hutsul people. They were inscribed to UNESCO's list of Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2021. Kossow, widok miasta ante 1906 (777130) (cropped).jpg|View of the city, before 1906 Kosow, rynek. 1939 (783666) (cropped).jpg|Market Square, 1939 Cerkiew w Kosowie ca 1913 (777241) (cropped).jpg|Orthodox church, circa 1913 Kosow, stare domy pod Gora Zamkowa 1930-1939 (61783485) (cropped).jpg|Old houses under Castle Hill, before 1939 Lecznica dr Tarnawskiego, Kosow - jadalnia. ca 1930 (777189) (cropped).jpg|Dr. Tarnawski's clinic, circa1930 Kosow Huculski, inhalatorium i lazienki w salinach. ca 1930 (777170) (cropped).jpg|Inhalation room and bathrooms, circa 1930 Kosow na Huculszczyznie, pensjonat leczniczy "Gorka" ca 1930 (777239) (cropped).jpg|Medical spa, circa 1930 Kosow, jarmark 1930-1939 (61783486) (cropped).jpg|Fair, before 1939 Kossow 1867 Kosiv.jpg|Under Austrian Galicia province, the name was Kossow Kosiv in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine Photographs of Jewish sites in Kosiv in the Bezalel Narkiss Index of Jewish Art, the Center for Jewish Art, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Photographs of Jewish sites in Kosiv in Jewish History in Galicia and Bukovina Kosiv Kosow Jewish Cemetery documented at Jewish Galicia and Bukovina ORG Kosov/Kosiv (p. 415) at Miriam Weiner's Routes to Roots Foundation.

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