Manap

Article summary

A manap ( ; ) was a tribal chieftain and a member of the noble class of Kyrgyz society prior to the 1917 Russian Revolution and the establishment of the Soviet Union. Manaps played an integral role in the initial conquest of Central Asia by the Russian Empire and Russia's colonial administration in present-day Kyrgyzstan. From 1880, manaps were the subject of increased public discontent over their frequent offloading of debts onto commoners. After the Russian Revolution, they were targeted by the Soviet government as a reactionary ruling class. In the present day, manaps are typically regarded as heroes in Kyrgyzstan, particularly for their role in fighting Russia during the Central Asian revolt of 1916. Manaps are believed to have first appeared during the 17th century. The first manaps were elected, though the position later became hereditary according to scholar Tjaart W. Schillhorn van Veen. Manaps were originally no more than chieftains of small tribes, comprising 2–8 families who were typically connected by the patrilineal line. With the 1822 , the Russian Empire abolished the autonomy of the Kazakh Khanate. The Edict of Siberian Kirghiz led to a wide-reaching uprising led by Kazakhs, which eventually began to penetrate Kyrgyz territories. In response, Russia began forging alliances with Kyrgyz manaps from 1846.…

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