Modi script

Mōḍī ( , , , ) is an old handwritten cursive abugida script used to write the Marathi language, which is the primary language spoken in the state of Maharashtra, India. The Mōḍī script was used alongside the Devanāgarī script to write Marathi, particularly during the reign of the Maratha Empire, until the 20th century when the Balbodh style of the Devanāgarī script was promoted as the standard writing system for Marathi. Numerous archival records, official documents and correspondences written in this script exist, and there have been attempts to revive the usage of Mōḍī in Maharashtra. There are multiple theories concerning its origin. It descends from the Nāgarī family of scripts and is based on the Nāgarī model, adapted for fluid continuous writing. Due to its handwritten nature, it has various styles and extensive character ligatures considerably different from Devanāgarī. Mōḍī has a practice of having one long headstroke (called śirorekhā) connecting all the words in a line without breaks. This is distinct from Devanāgarī and other Nāgarī scripts, where the śirorekhā is only limited to isolated letters or words. Mōḍī is a unicameral Brahmic alpha-syllabary written from left to right. It has 46 base characters divided into 11 vowels, 36 basic consonants, 10 unique numerals and various diacritical and punctuation marks.

Mōḍī ( , , , ) is an old handwritten cursive abugida script used to write the Marathi language, which is the primary language spoken in the state of Maharashtra, India. The Mōḍī script was used alongside the Devanāgarī script to write Marathi, particularly during the reign of the Maratha Empire, until the 20th century when the Balbodh style of the Devanāgarī script was promoted as the standard writing system for Marathi. Numerous archival records, official documents and correspondences written in this script exist, and there have been attempts to revive the usage of Mōḍī in Maharashtra. There are multiple theories concerning its origin. It descends from the Nāgarī family of scripts and is based on the Nāgarī model, adapted for fluid continuous writing. Due to its handwritten nature, it has various styles and extensive character ligatures considerably different from Devanāgarī. Mōḍī has a practice of having one long headstroke (called śirorekhā) connecting all the words in a line without breaks. This is distinct from Devanāgarī and other Nāgarī scripts, where the śirorekhā is only limited to isolated letters or words. Mōḍī is a unicameral Brahmic alpha-syllabary written from left to right. It has 46 base characters divided into 11 vowels, 36 basic consonants, 10 unique numerals and various diacritical and punctuation marks. ===Revival efforts=== Linguists in Pune spearheaded the Mōḍī script revival movement in 2014. By 2025, over 400 students¹ had been trained to understand it. Additionally, a primary school has begun teaching the Mōḍī script to the next generation. ==Characteristics== Watanpatra (A grant in perpetuity)]] of Chandrapur and Nagpur]] The Mōḍī script derives from the Nāgari family of scripts and is a modification of the Balbodh style of the Devanagari script intended for continuous writing. Although Mōḍī is based upon Devanagari, it differs considerably from it in terms of letter forms, rendering behaviours, and orthography. The shapes of some consonants, vowels, and vowel signs are similar. The differences are visible in the behaviours of these characters in certain circumstances, such as consonant-vowel combinations and consonant conjuncts, which are standard features of Mōḍī orthography. The Mōḍī script has 46 distinctive letters, of which 36 are consonants and 10 vowels. ==Conjuncts and ligation== Numerous modifications are made to the Mōḍī script in writing as "shortcuts", reflecting its history as a quasi-shorthand form of Devanagari. ===Consonant-vowel conjuncts=== Consonant ligation falls into three broad categories: Those that always retain their isolated form and attach their dependent vowel forms in a way common to most Indic scripts Those that take on a "contextual" form and change their form only in the presence of a dependent vowel immediately after, in which case those vowel forms are attached to the contextual form of the consonant in a uniform way as done with the consonants in Category 1 and with most other Indic alphabets Those that form ligatures in the presence of a vowel following the consonants. The ligatures are generally determined by the shape of the consonant and the presence of a loop on the right. ===Consonant conjuncts=== Regarding conjuncts, as in Devanagari, ksha and tra have special conjuncts, while other consonants typically occupy half forms or contextual forms. The letter ra is special, as it can take different visual positions as the first consonant in a conjunct cluster depending on whether it is palatalized or not. As the second consonant in a cluster, however, it functions almost identically as in Devanagari. Alternative forms of the letter ra are also used to make multisyllabic clusters involving it. This is seen in kara, tara, sara, and a few others as a subjoined ra to the bottom right of a letter, and in joining at the end of other syllables, it is seen with a curved head. Following dependent vowel signs like -aa and punctuation marks like dandas, the ra also joins underneath, and any additional vowel marks are written directly on top of the subjoined ra. Below is a comprehensive table of all 1156 possible biconsonantal Mōḍī conjunct clusters. Some of the ligated conjuncts may not be viable combinations in any language. ==Unicode== The Mōḍī alphabet (U+11600–U+1165F) was added to the Unicode Standard in June 2014 with the release of version 7.0. ==See also== Balbodh Cursive ==Notes== ==References== ==External links== Mōḍī at Omniglot Website about the Mōḍī script Read latest news in Mōḍī Script

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