Mongolian script

The traditional Mongolian script, also known as the Hudum Mongol bichig, was the first writing system created specifically for the Mongolian language, and was the most widespread until the introduction of Cyrillic in 1946. The script is a co-official script in Mongolia since 2025, alongside the Cyrillic script for the language. It is also the official written form being taught in schools for Mongolian ethnic students in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China . It is traditionally written in vertical lines from top to bottom, flowing in lines from left to right . Derived from the Old Uyghur alphabet, it is a true alphabet, with separate letters for consonants and vowels. It has been adapted for such languages as Oirat and Manchu. Alphabets based on this classical vertical script continue to be used in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia to write Mongolian, Xibe and, experimentally, Evenki. Computer operating systems have been slow to adopt support for the Mongolian script; almost all have incomplete support or other text rendering difficulties.

The traditional Mongolian script, also known as the Hudum Mongol bichig, was the first writing system created specifically for the Mongolian language, and was the most widespread until the introduction of Cyrillic in 1946. The script is a co-official script in Mongolia since 2025, alongside the Cyrillic script for the language. It is also the official written form being taught in schools for Mongolian ethnic students in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China . It is traditionally written in vertical lines from top to bottom, flowing in lines from left to right . Derived from the Old Uyghur alphabet, it is a true alphabet, with separate letters for consonants and vowels. It has been adapted for such languages as Oirat and Manchu. Alphabets based on this classical vertical script continue to be used in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia to write Mongolian, Xibe and, experimentally, Evenki. Computer operating systems have been slow to adopt support for the Mongolian script; almost all have incomplete support or other text rendering difficulties. File:Kalam2.jpg|Reed pens File:Pinceaux chinois.jpg|Ink brushes File:Богд хааны бичгийн хэрэглэл.jpg|Writing implements of the Bogd Khan Mongols learned their script as a syllabary, dividing the syllables into twelve different classes, based on the final phonemes of the syllables, all of which ended in vowels. The script remained in continuous use by Mongolian speakers in Inner Mongolia in the People's Republic of China. In the Mongolian People's Republic, it was largely replaced by the Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet, although the vertical script remained in limited use. In March 2020, the Mongolian government announced plans to increase the use of the traditional Mongolian script and to use both Cyrillic and Mongolian script in official documents by 2025. Due to the particularity of the traditional Mongolian script, a large part (40% ) of the Sinicized Mongols in China are unable to read or write this script, and in many cases the script is only used symbolically on plaques in many cities. Mongolia Biometric Ordinary Passport 2023.jpg|Decorative 'wrapped/folded' letters on a 2023 passport. |alt=Decorative 'wrapped/folded' letters on a 2023 passport.: 159 : 160 File:Mongolian Calligraphy (2).jpg|Mongolian calligraphy of the 13th century work Оюун Түлхүүр (Key of Intelligence) File:Imperial Seal of Bogd Khan.jpg|Imperial seal of the Bogd Khan, ca 1911. File:Inner Mongolia Museum horse-riding paizi.jpg|Mixed Manchu–Mongolian text on a Paiza. File:Čoyijod Dagini manuscript 01.jpg|Brush-written manuscript, 19th century File:Book of Jeremiah in Mongolian Script, 1840.jpg|Book of Jeremiah, printed 1840 at Khodon in Siberia. (fr) Rémusat, Abel Récherches sur les langues tartares, Paris, 1820 (ru) Bobrovnikov, Aleksieĭ Aleksandrovich Грамматика монгольско-калмыцкого языка (Grammatika mongolʹsko-kalmyt͡skago i͡azyka), Kazan, 1849 (de) Schmidt, Isaak Jakob, der mongolischen Sprache, St. Petersburg, 1831 (fr) Soulié, Charles Georges, Éléments de grammaire mongole (dialecte ordoss), Paris, 1903 (it) Puini, Carlo, Elementi della grammatica mongolica, Firenze, 1878 (fr, ru) Kovalevskiĭ, Osip Mikhaĭlovich, Dictionnaire Mongol-Russe-Français, Volumes 1–3, Kazan 1844-46-49 Bolor Dictionary (sometimes uses galik characters for rendering purposes) Mongol toli dictionary: state dictionary of Mongolia Online tool for Mongolian script transliteration Automatic converter for Traditional Mongolian and Cyrillic Mongolian by the Computer College of Inner Mongolia University

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