MPP
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MPP + (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) or cyperquat is a positively charged organic molecule with the chemical formula C 12 H 12 N + . It is a monoaminergic neurotoxin that acts by interfering with oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria by inhibiting complex I, leading to the depletion of ATP and eventual cell death. MPP + arises in the body as the toxic metabolite of the closely related compound MPTP. MPTP is converted in the brain into MPP + by the enzyme MAO-B, ultimately causing parkinsonism in primates by killing certain dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra. The ability for MPP + to induce Parkinson's disease has made it an important compound in Parkinson's research since this property was discovered in 1983. The chloride salt of MPP + found use in the 1970s as an herbicide under the common name cyperquat. Though no longer in use as an herbicide, cyperquat's closely related structural analog paraquat still finds widespread usage, raising a number of health and safety concerns.
MPP or M.P.P. may refer to: Marginal physical product Master of Public Policy, an academic degree Member of Provincial Parliament (Ontario), Canada Member of Provincial Parliament (Western Cape), South Africa Merriweather Post Pavilion, an album released in 20091 by Animal Collective Migrant Protection Protocols of the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service
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