Lesson plan
Observer effect
Observer effect, observer bias, observation effect, or observation bias may refer to a number of concepts, some of them closely related: * Hawthorne effect, a type of human behavior reactivity in which individuals modify an aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed * Heisenbug, a software bug that seems to disappear or alter its behavior when one attempts to study it * Laws of Form, a mathematical calculus between the distinction that an observer draws and the implied decision what not to observe, also described as observer dilemma * Observer bias, one of the types of detection bias and is defined as any kind of systematic divergence from accurate facts during observation and the recording of data and information in studies * Observer effect (information technology), the impact on the behaviour of a computer process caused by the act of observing the process while it is running * Observer effect (physics), the disturbance of an observed system by the act of observation * Observer-expectancy effect, a form of reactivity in which a researcher's cognitive bias causes them to subconsciously influence the participants of an experiment * Observer's paradox, a situation in which the phenomenon being observed is unwittingly influenced by the presence of the observer/investigator
Article summary
Observer effect, observer bias, observation effect, or observation bias may refer to a number of concepts, some of them closely related: * Hawthorne effect, a type of human behavior reactivity in which individuals modify an aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed * Heisenbug, a software bug that seems to disappear or alter its behavior when one attempts to study it * Laws of Form, a mathematical calculus between the distinction that an observer draws and the implied decision what not to observe, also described as observer dilemma * Observer bias, one of the types of detection bias and is defined as any kind of systematic divergence from accurate facts during observation and the recording of data and information in studies * Observer effect (information technology), the impact on the behaviour of a computer process caused by the act of observing the process while it is running * Observer effect (physics), the disturbance of an observed system by the act of observation * Observer-expectancy effect, a form of reactivity in which a researcher's cognitive bias causes them to subconsciously influence the participants of an experiment * Observer's paradox, a situation in which the phenomenon being observed is unwittingly influenced by the presence of the observer/investigator
Key claims
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Discussion questions
- Summarise the article in your own words. Which single claim would you verify first, and why?
- Which claim in this article is most likely to be revised as the sources update? How would you check its current status?
- If two sources disagreed about one of these facts, what would you need in order to trust one over the other?
Bibliography
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Key claims and bibliography are generated from the same tracked claims and sources as the article page.