Open source

Open source is the practice of publishing digital resources publicly alongside their source code or source files, enabling use, study, modification, and redistribution. It is historically and commonly associated with open-source software, software released with its source code. The concept has also been applied beyond software to other digital resources made available alongside their source files or design documents, such as open-source hardware, open-source educational resources or open-source fonts. The rights to reuse this type of digital resources are guaranteed through a specific legal framework, whether with open licenses or public domain dedication. The development of open source resources can be based on open collaboration, a decentralized and peer-to-peer model of production. Open source resources are a shared component across openness movements — such as open-source software, open hardware, open education or open music — with each domain having distinct types of source files and distribution formats to manage. While the sharing of source code is an established practice with software, open resources in other fields may not systematically provide their source files, restricting the ability to modify these digital resources despite the rights granted to users.…

Open source is the practice of publishing digital resources publicly alongside their source code or source files, enabling use, study, modification, and redistribution. It is historically and commonly associated with open-source software, software released with its source code. The concept has also been applied beyond software to other digital resources made available alongside their source files or design documents, such as open-source hardware, open-source educational resources or open-source fonts. The rights to reuse this type of digital resources are guaranteed through a specific legal framework, whether with open licenses or public domain dedication. The development of open source resources can be based on open collaboration, a decentralized and peer-to-peer model of production. Open source resources are a shared component across openness movements — such as open-source software, open hardware, open education or open music — with each domain having distinct types of source files and distribution formats to manage. While the sharing of source code is an established practice with software, open resources in other fields may not systematically provide their source files, restricting the ability to modify these digital resources despite the rights granted to users. The term open source can also refer to publicly available sources of information, notably in intelligence field with open-source intelligence (OSINT). By analogy to such practices of public access and collaboration, the notion is also used more loosely across many domains. ===Education=== In open education and by extension to open educational resources (OER), the notion of "open source educational resources" has been theorized to specify OER which provide their source files. In order to make meaningful edits to these educational resources it is necessary to access their source files, in accordance with the ALMS framework (Access to Editing Tools, Level of Expertise Required, Meaningfully Editable, Self-Sourced). It is common for Open Educational Resources such as open textbooks to be available only in a final format such as PDF, limiting the ability of users to modify them despite the rights provided by open licenses. UNESCO's Recommendation on OER explicitly calls for "developing mechanisms to support and incentivize all stakeholders to publish source files and accessible OER using standard open file formats in public repositories." Open-source book also extend this principle to books, where source files such as LaTeX or Markdown files are made publicly available alongside the final PDF. ===Fonts=== Open source fonts are typefaces made publicly available alongside their source files. Font editors store typefaces in source formats such as .glyphs, UFO, or VFC during development, and compile them into binary formats such as OTF, TTF, or WOFF for end use. The SIL Open Font License (OFL), created by SIL International in 2005, is a license specifically designed for open source fonts. Notable examples include DejaVu fonts and Source Sans. ==See also== ===Other=== Open Source Initiative Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution (book) Commons-based peer production Digital commons Digital public goods Digital rights Diseconomies of scale Free content Gift economy Glossary of legal terms in technology Mass collaboration Network effect Proprietary software Shared Source Sharing economy Software maintainer Source-available software ==Further reading== (wiki) Nettingsmeier, Jörn. "So What? I Don't Hack!" eContact! 11.3 Logiciels audio " open source " / Open Source for Audio Application (September 2009). Montréal: CEC. Various authors. eContact! 11.3 Logiciels audio " open source " / Open Source for Audio Application (September 2009). Montréal: CEC. Various authors. "Open Source Travel Guide [ wiki ]". eContact! 11.3 Logiciels audio " open source " / Open Source for Audio Application (September 2009). Montréal: CEC. ===Literature on legal and economic aspects=== v. Engelhardt, S. (2008): "Intellectual Property Rights and Ex-Post Transaction Costs: the Case of Open and Closed Source Software", Jena Economic Research Papers 2008-047. (PDF) European Commission. (2006). Economic impact of open source software on innovation and the competitiveness of the Information and Communication Technologies sector in the EU. Brussels. (wiki) earlier revision (PDF) earlier revision

Text derived from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1378984688 under CC BY-SA 4.0; modifications have been made.