Lesson plan
Permessus
The Permessus or Permessos ( ) was a stream rising in Mount Helicon, which, after uniting with the Olmeius, flowed into Lake Copais near Haliartus. William Martin Leake, visiting the site in the 19th century, regarded the Kefalári as the Permessus, and the river of Zagará as the Olmeius. This river, apparently sacred to Apollo (patron deity of poets), is referred to in Propertius' poem (2.10.25-6) to Augustus, 'Nondum etenim Ascraeos norunt mea carmina fontes, Sed modo Permessi flumine lavit Amor.' The Permessus is also mentioned in Hesiod's Theogony, which describes the Muses using the river to bathe in line 5, "And having bathed their silken skin in Permessos."
Article summary
The Permessus or Permessos ( ) was a stream rising in Mount Helicon, which, after uniting with the Olmeius, flowed into Lake Copais near Haliartus. William Martin Leake, visiting the site in the 19th century, regarded the Kefalári as the Permessus, and the river of Zagará as the Olmeius. This river, apparently sacred to Apollo (patron deity of poets), is referred to in Propertius' poem (2.10.25-6) to Augustus, 'Nondum etenim Ascraeos norunt mea carmina fontes, Sed modo Permessi flumine lavit Amor.' The Permessus is also mentioned in Hesiod's Theogony, which describes the Muses using the river to bathe in line 5, "And having bathed their silken skin in Permessos."
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Discussion questions
- Summarise the article in your own words. Which single claim would you verify first, and why?
- Which claim in this article is most likely to be revised as the sources update? How would you check its current status?
- If two sources disagreed about one of these facts, what would you need in order to trust one over the other?
Bibliography
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Key claims and bibliography are generated from the same tracked claims and sources as the article page.