Pimplinae

Pimplinae are a worldwide subfamily of the parasitic wasp family Ichneumonidae. Pimplinae are parasitoids of Holometabola, often the pupae of Lepidoptera. Various species parasitize the egg sacs and adults of spiders. Those species that parasitize eggs are ectoparasitic idiobionts. Females perforate the silk of the egg sacs and lay their egg(s) directly onto the surface of the eggs within them. After hatching, the parasitoid larvae feed externally on the eggs and kill most of the eggs in the process. Pimplinae are generally sturdy black insects with orange markings. The first tergite is box-like with the spiracle anterior to the middle.

Pimplinae are a worldwide subfamily of the parasitic wasp family Ichneumonidae. Pimplinae are parasitoids of Holometabola, often the pupae of Lepidoptera. Various species parasitize the egg sacs and adults of spiders. Those species that parasitize eggs are ectoparasitic idiobionts. Females perforate the silk of the egg sacs and lay their egg(s) directly onto the surface of the eggs within them. After hatching, the parasitoid larvae feed externally on the eggs and kill most of the eggs in the process. Pimplinae are generally sturdy black insects with orange markings. The first tergite is box-like with the spiracle anterior to the middle. ==Tribes and genera== The Pimplinae consists of four tribes and includes: ===Delomeristini=== Authority: Hellén, 1915 Atractogaster Kriechbaumer, 1872 Delomerista Förster, 1868 Perithous Holmgren, 1859 Pseudorhyssa Merrill, 1915 ===Tribe Ephialtini=== Authority: Hellén, 1915 ====Pseudopimpla genus-group==== Pseudopimpla Habermehl, 1917 ====Alophosternum genus-group==== Alophosternum Cushman, 1933 Pachymelos Baltazar, 1961 ====Camptotypus genus-group==== Camptotypus Kriechbaumer, 1889 Clydonium Townes, 1966 Hemipimpla Saussure, 1892 Odontopimpla Cameron, 1886 Parvipimpla Gauld, 1984 Zonopimpla Ashmead, 1900 ====Ephialtes genus-group==== Afrephialtes Benoit, 1963 Anastelgis Townes, 1960 Calliephialtes Ashmead, 1900 Dolichomitus Smith, 1877 Endromopoda Hellén, 1939 Ephialtes Gravenhorst, 1829 Exeristes Förster, 1869 Exestuberis Wang & Yue, 1995 Flavopimpla Betrem, 1932 Fredegunda Fitton, Shaw & Gauld, 1988 Leptopimpla Townes, 1961 Liotryphon Ashmead, 1900 Paraperithous Haupt, 1954 Pimplaetus Seyrig, 1932 Scambus Hartig, 1838 Townesia Ozols, 1962 Umanella Gauld, 1991 Xanthephialtes Cameron, 1906 Xanthophenax Saussure, 1892 ====Polysphincta genus-group==== Acrodactyla Haliday, 1838 Acropimpla Townes, 1960 Acrotaphus Townes, 1960 Afrosphincta Benoit, 1953 Aravenator Momoi, 1973 Dreisbachia Townes, 1962 Eriostethus Morley, 1914 Eruga Townes & Townes, 1960 Flacopimpla Gauld, 1991 Hymenoepimecis Viereck, 1912 Oxyrrhexis Förster, 1868 Piogaster Perkins, 1958 Polysphincta Gravenhorst, 1829 Pterinopus Townes, 1969 Reclinervellus He & Ye, 1998 Schizopyga Gravenhorst, 1829 Sericopimpla Kriechbaumer, 1895 Sinarachna Townes, 1960 Ticapimpla Gauld, 1991 Zabrachypus Cushman, 1920 Zatypota Förster, 1869 ====Tromatobia genus-group==== Clistopyga Gravenhorst, 1829 Gregopimpla Momoi, 1965 Iseropus Förster, 1868 Tromatobia Förster, 1869 Zaglyptus Förster, 1869 ===Pimplini=== Authority: Wesmael, 1845 Alophopimpla Momoi, 1966 Apechthis Förster, 1868 Echthromorpha Holmgren, 1868 Itoplectis Förster, 1869 Lissopimpla Kriechbaumer, 1889 Parapimpla Théobald, 1937 Pimpla Fabricius, 1804 Strongylopsis Brauns, 1896 Xanthopimpla Saussure, 1892 ===Theroniini=== Authority: Cushman & Rohwer, 1920 Augerella Gupta, 1962 Epitheronia Gupta, 1962 Neotheronia Krieger, 1899 Nomosphecia Gupta, 1962 Parema Gupta, 1962 Theronia Holmgren, 1859 ==Gallery== File:Parasite170127-fig 2A (unlabelled) ovipositor Pimplinae Brachyzapus nikkoensis.jpg|Brachyzapus nikkoensis depositing egg on a spider File:Parasite170127-fig 2B (unlabelled) ovipositor Pimplinae Zatypota albicoxa.jpg|Zatypota albicoxa depositing egg on a spider File:Ichneumonidae - Pimpla cf. rufipes.jpg|Pimpla rufipes File:Dolichomitus Eiablage-02-R Bartz.jpg|Dolichomitus sp. Scambus buolianae CNCHYM 09787.jpg|Scambus buolianae 2018 08 20 Schlupfwespe.jpg|Exeristes roborator ==References== ==External links== Diagnostic characters Waspweb Ponent Images (in easy Spanish) Hymenoptera Online (HOL) Taxonomicon

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