Radiometer

Article summary

. The vanes rotate when exposed to light, with faster rotation for more intense light, providing a quantitative measurement of electromagnetic radiation intensity. A radiometer is an instrument for measuring radiometric quantities such as radiant flux (power), irradiance, or radiance. Definitions typically limit radiometry to optical radiation, but some definitions include other kinds of electromagnetic radiation. Radiometers typically measure infrared radiation, visible radiation (light), ultraviolet radiation, or some combination of these. Microwave radiometers operate in the microwave wavelengths. A roentgenometer is a radiometer for measuring the intensity of X-rays or gamma radiation. While the term radiometer can refer to any device that measures electromagnetic radiation (e.g., light), the term is often used to refer specifically to a Crookes radiometer ("light-mill"), a device invented in 1873 in which a rotor (having vanes which are dark on one side, and light on the other) in a partial vacuum spins when exposed to light. A common misbelief (one originally held even by Crookes) is that the momentum of the absorbed light on the black faces makes the radiometer operate. If this were true, however, the radiometer would spin away from the non-black faces, since the photons bouncing off those faces impart more momentum than the photons absorbed on the black faces.…

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