{
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  "slug": "separate-school",
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  "lead": "), which provides a constitutional guarantee for separate schools in some provinces In Canada, a separate school is a publicly funded school with a religious component that has constitutional status in three provinces (Ontario, Alberta and Saskatchewan), and statutory status in the three territories (Northwest Territories, Yukon and Nunavut). In these Canadian jurisdictions, a separate school is one operated by a civil authority—a separate school board—with a mandate enshrined in the Canadian Constitution (for the three provinces) or in federal statutes (for the three territories). In these six jurisdictions a civil electorate, composed of the members of the minority faith, elects separate school trustees according to the province's or territory's local authorities election legislation. These trustees are legally accountable to their electorate and to the provincial or territorial government. No church has a constitutional, legal, or proprietary interest in a separate school. The constitutionally provided mandate of a separate school jurisdiction and of a separate school is to provide education in a school setting that the separate school board considers reflective of Roman Catholic (or, rarely, Protestant) theology, doctrine, and practices. This mandate can manifest itself in the Program of Studies and the curriculum, exercises and practices, and staffing.…",
  "body": "), which provides a constitutional guarantee for separate schools in some provinces In Canada, a separate school is a publicly funded school with a religious component that has constitutional status in three provinces (Ontario, Alberta and Saskatchewan), and statutory status in the three territories (Northwest Territories, Yukon and Nunavut). In these Canadian jurisdictions, a separate school is one operated by a civil authority—a separate school board—with a mandate enshrined in the Canadian Constitution (for the three provinces) or in federal statutes (for the three territories). In these six jurisdictions a civil electorate, composed of the members of the minority faith, elects separate school trustees according to the province's or territory's local authorities election legislation. These trustees are legally accountable to their electorate and to the provincial or territorial government. No church has a constitutional, legal, or proprietary interest in a separate school. The constitutionally provided mandate of a separate school jurisdiction and of a separate school is to provide education in a school setting that the separate school board considers reflective of Roman Catholic (or, rarely, Protestant) theology, doctrine, and practices. This mandate can manifest itself in the Program of Studies and the curriculum, exercises and practices, and staffing. The limits of this mandate are determined by the application of section 93 of the Constitution Act, 1867, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and judicial decisions. The different experience in Ontario as compared to Alberta and Saskatchewan is principally the result of the same constitutional provisions having effect on settlement at different stages in Canadian history. The Constitution of Canada does not establish separate school education as a natural or unconditional right available to all. Only Protestants or Roman Catholics, whichever is the minority faith population compared to the other in a community, can consider the establishment of separate school education. The separate school establishment right is not available to citizens of any other faith such as Orthodox Christians, Jews, Mormons, Muslims, Hindus or Sikhs. In addition, the minority faith must establish that they wish to leave the public school system and create a separate school system. ===Manitoba=== In Manitoba, the ending of public support for separate schools occurred in 1890 with an amendment to the Public Schools Act. This set off a national crisis known as the Manitoba Schools Question. In 1896, a compromise was reached between Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier and Premier of Manitoba Thomas Greenway, called the Laurier–Greenway Compromise. This agreement did not reverse the 1890 legislation; instead, it allowed for religious instruction (i.e., Catholic education) in Manitoba's public schools, under certain conditions, for 30 minutes at the end of each day. In response to the compromise, Pope Leo XIII wrote the 1897 papal encyclical Affari vos, encouraging Catholics to accept the compromise. ===Quebec=== Up until 1997 the Quebec education system was also separated, with Protestant and Catholic school boards. The system was replaced by a linguistically based secular school system, after the passage of a constitutional amendment. ===Newfoundland and Labrador=== The province of Newfoundland and Labrador also had a separate school system until 1997. At the time that the Dominion of Newfoundland joined Canada on March 31, 1949, the Newfoundland schools were all organized on a confessional basis with separate denominational schools for Roman Catholics, Seventh-day Adventists, Salvationists, Pentecostals, and an integrated stream which oversaw the schooling for children of many members of so-called \"mainstream\" Protestant denominations. All of these schools received grants from the provincial government for their operation. Ownership of the schools ranged from parochial, in which case they were owned and operated directly by a church, to ownership and operation by a separate not-for-profit society. The constitutional obligation on the province to maintain this system of confessional schools was eliminated by the Constitution Amendment, 1998 (Newfoundland Act), following a provincial referendum in 1997. The province then established a single non-denominational public school system. ==See also== Education in Canada Education in Quebec Education in Ontario ==External links== International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights OneSchoolSystem.org Significant Events in the History of Catholic Education (in Ontario) Canada's Human Rights History",
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