Solvay process

The Solvay process or ammonia–soda process is the major industrial process for the production of sodium carbonate (soda ash, Na 2 CO 3 ). The ammonia–soda process was developed into its modern form by the Belgian chemist Ernest Solvay during the 1860s. The ingredients for this are readily available and inexpensive: salt brine (from inland sources or from the sea) and limestone (from quarries). The worldwide production of soda ash in 2005 was estimated at 42 million tonnes, which is more than six kilograms ( ) per year for each person on Earth. Solvay-based chemical plants now produce roughly three-quarters of this supply, with the remaining being mined from natural deposits. This method superseded the Leblanc process.

The Solvay process or ammonia–soda process is the major industrial process for the production of sodium carbonate (soda ash, Na 2 CO 3 ). The ammonia–soda process was developed into its modern form by the Belgian chemist Ernest Solvay during the 1860s. The ingredients for this are readily available and inexpensive: salt brine (from inland sources or from the sea) and limestone (from quarries). The worldwide production of soda ash in 2005 was estimated at 42 million tonnes, which is more than six kilograms ( ) per year for each person on Earth. Solvay-based chemical plants now produce roughly three-quarters of this supply, with the remaining being mined from natural deposits. This method superseded the Leblanc process. ==Further reading== The minimum energy required to calcine limestone is about per tonne. ==External links== European Soda Ash Producer's Association (ESAPA) Timeline of US plant at Solvay, New York Salt and the Chemical Revolution Process flow diagram of Solvay process

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