Stata

Stata ( , , alternatively , occasionally stylized as STATA ) is a general-purpose statistical software package developed by StataCorp for data manipulation, visualization, statistics, and automated reporting. It is used by researchers in many fields, including biomedicine, economics, epidemiology, and sociology. Stata was initially developed by Computing Resource Center in California and the first version was released in 1985¹. In 1993, the company moved to College Station, Texas and was renamed Stata Corporation, now known as StataCorp. A major release in 2003 included a new graphics system and dialog boxes for all commands. Since then, a new version has been released once every two years. The current version is Stata 19, released in April 2025¹.

Stata ( , , alternatively , occasionally stylized as STATA ) is a general-purpose statistical software package developed by StataCorp for data manipulation, visualization, statistics, and automated reporting. It is used by researchers in many fields, including biomedicine, economics, epidemiology, and sociology. Stata was initially developed by Computing Resource Center in California and the first version was released in 1985. In 1993, the company moved to College Station, Texas and was renamed Stata Corporation, now known as StataCorp. A major release in 2003 included a new graphics system and dialog boxes for all commands. Since then, a new version has been released once every two years. The current version is Stata 19, released in April 2025. ===Extensibility=== The program command was implemented in Stata 1.2, giving users the ability to add their own commands. ado-files followed in Stata 2.1, allowing a user-written program to be automatically loaded into memory. Many user-written ado-files are submitted to the Statistical Software Components Archive hosted by Boston College. StataCorp added an ssc command to allow community-contributed programs to be added directly within Stata. More recent editions of Stata allow users to call Python scripts using commands, as well as allowing Python IDEs like Jupyter Notebooks to import Stata commands. Although Stata does not support R natively, there are user-written extensions to use R scripts in Stata. ===User community=== A number of important developments were initiated by Stata's active user community. The Stata Technical Bulletin, which often contains user-created commands, was introduced in 1991 and issued six times a year. It was relaunched in 2001 as the peer-reviewed Stata Journal, a quarterly publication containing descriptions of community-contributed commands and tips for the effective use of Stata. In 1994, a listserv began as a hub for users to collaboratively solve coding and technical issues; in 2014, it was converted into a web forum. In 1995, Statacorp began organizing user and developer conferences that meet annually. Only the annual Stata Conference held in the United States is hosted by StataCorp. Other user group meetings are held annually in the United States (the Stata Conference), the UK, Germany, and Italy, and less frequently in several other countries. Local Stata distributors host User Group meetings in their own countries. sysuse auto // Open the included auto dataset browse // Browse the dataset (opens the Data Editor window) describe // Describes the dataset and associated variables summarize // Summary information about numerical variables codebook make foreign // Summary information about the make (string) and foreign (numeric) variables browse if missing(rep78) // Browse only observations with missing data for variable rep78 list make if missing(rep78) // List makes of the cars with missing data for variable rep78 The next set of commands move onto descriptive statistics. summarize price, detail // Detailed summary statistics for variable price tabulate foreign // One-way frequency table for variable foreign tabulate rep78 foreign, row // Two-way frequency table for variables rep78 and foreign summarize mpg if foreign == 1 // Summary information about mpg if the car is foreign (the "==" sign tests for equality) by foreign, sort: summarize mpg // As above, but using the "by" prefix. tabulate foreign, summarize(mpg) // As above, but using the tabulate command. A simple hypothesis test: ttest mpg, by(foreign) // T-test for difference in means for domestic vs. foreign cars Graphing data: twoway (scatter mpg weight) // Scatter plot showing relationship between mpg and weight twoway (scatter mpg weight), by(foreign, total) // Three graphs for domestic, foreign, and all cars Linear regression: generate wtsq = weight^2 // Create a new variable for weight squared regress mpg weight wtsq foreign, vce(robust) // Linear regression of mpg on weight, wtsq, and foreign predict mpghat // Create a new variable contained the predicted values of mpg twoway (scatter mpg weight) (line mpghat weight, sort), by(foreign) // Graph data and fitted line

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