STIM2

Stromal interaction molecule 2 (STIM2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STIM2 gene. This gene is a member of the stromal interaction molecule (STIM) family which comprises only two members together with its homologue STIM1, and likely arose from a common ancestral gene. They encode type 1 transmembrane proteins that are located in the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR / ER) into the cell. Alternative translation initiation from an AUG and a non-AUG (UUG) start site results in the production of two different STIM2 isoforms. Both members of the STIM family were identified in 2005 as free-calcium (Ca 2+ ) sensors which participate in a mechanism of Ca 2+ entry into the cell referred to as store-operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE). Many cellular processes and signaling pathways are started by previous release of Ca 2+ stored in subcellular organelles, which needs continuous refilling. SOCE is considered the mechanism of store refilling and an essential mechanism of Ca 2+ signaling in non-electrically excitable cells. While STIM1 triggers SOCE, research on STIM2 function suggests a major role as feedback regulator that stabilizes basal cytosolic and S/ER Ca 2+ concentration [Ca 2+ ].…

Stromal interaction molecule 2 (STIM2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STIM2 gene. This gene is a member of the stromal interaction molecule (STIM) family which comprises only two members together with its homologue STIM1, and likely arose from a common ancestral gene. They encode type 1 transmembrane proteins that are located in the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR / ER) into the cell. Alternative translation initiation from an AUG and a non-AUG (UUG) start site results in the production of two different STIM2 isoforms. Both members of the STIM family were identified in 2005 as free-calcium (Ca 2+ ) sensors which participate in a mechanism of Ca 2+ entry into the cell referred to as store-operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE). Many cellular processes and signaling pathways are started by previous release of Ca 2+ stored in subcellular organelles, which needs continuous refilling. SOCE is considered the mechanism of store refilling and an essential mechanism of Ca 2+ signaling in non-electrically excitable cells. While STIM1 triggers SOCE, research on STIM2 function suggests a major role as feedback regulator that stabilizes basal cytosolic and S/ER Ca 2+ concentration [Ca 2+ ]. STIM2 detects small decreases in Ca 2+ content stored in the S/ER, switches to the activated state and interacts with so-called store-operated Ca 2+ (SOC) channels located in the plasma membrane, such as Orai or TRPC channels, allowing SOCE. Although the functional role of STIM2 has been elusive for many years, studies performed in 2009-2010 on murine models suggested that STIM2 participates in processes of the development and functioning of many cell types, including smooth muscle myoblasts, cells of the immune system and neurons, and is involved in tumorigenesis, the development of autoimmune diseases and mechanisms of neuronal damage after transient ischemic conditions.

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