Superadobe
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tubes (sandbags) being used to construct domed structures Superadobe is a form of earthbag construction that was developed by Iranian architect Nader Khalili. The technique uses layered long fabric tubes or bags filled with adobe to form a compression structure. The resulting beehive-shaped structures employ corbelled arches, corbelled domes, and vaults to create sturdy single and double-curved shells. It has received growing interest for the past two decades in the natural building and sustainability movements.
tubes (sandbags) being used to construct domed structures]] Superadobe is a form of earthbag construction that was developed by Iranian architect Nader Khalili. The technique uses layered long fabric tubes or bags filled with adobe to form a compression structure. The resulting beehive-shaped structures employ corbelled arches, corbelled domes, and vaults to create sturdy single and double-curved shells. It has received growing interest for the past two decades in the natural building and sustainability movements. ==History== Nader Khalili popularized earthbag construction. Initially in 1984 in response to a NASA call for housing designs for future human settlements on the Moon and on Mars, he proposed using Moon dust to fill the plastic Superadobe tubes and velcroing together the layers (instead of using barbed wire). He came to term his particular technique of earthbag construction "Superadobe". Some projects have been done using bags as low-tech foundations for straw-bale construction. They can be covered in a waterproof membrane to keep the straw dry. In 1995, Khalili built 15 refugee shelters in Iran, with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), in response to refugees from the Persian Gulf War. According to Khalili, the cluster of 15 domes that was built could have been repeated by the thousands. The government dismantled the camp a few years later. Since then, the Superadobe Method has been put to use in Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Belize, Costa Rica, Chile, Iran, India, Russia, Mali, and Thailand, as well as in the United States. While Superadobe constructions have generally been limited to approximately 4 meters in diameter, larger structures have been created by grouping several "beehives" together to form a network of domes. There is a 32′ (10m1) dome being constructed in the San Ignacio area of Belize, which when finished will be the center dome of an eco-resort complex. BBC News reported in March 2019 that superadobe structures have withstood earthquakes as severe as 7.2 magnitude. ==Bibliography== Khalili, Nader. "Nader Khalili." Cal-Earth. 19 Jan. 2007 . Katauskas, Ted. "Dirt-Cheap Houses from Elemental Materials." Architecture Week. Aug. 1998. 19 Jan. 2007 *Husain, Yasha. "Space-Friendly Architecture: Meet Nader Khalili." Space.com. 17 Nov. 2000. 19 Jan. 2007 [http://www.space.com/peopleinterviews/khalili_profile.html Space News - Latest Space and Astronomy News | Space. Sinclair, Cameron, and Kate Stohr. "SuperAdobe." Design Like You Give a Damn. Ed. Diana Murphy, Adrian Crabbs, and Cory Reynolds. New York: Distributed Art Publishers, Inc., 2006. 104–13. Kellogg, Stuart, and James Quigg. "Good Earth." Daily Press. 18 Dec. 2005. Freedom Communications, Inc. 22 Jan. 2007 . Alternative Construction: Contemporary Natural Building Methods. Ed. Lynne Elizabeth and Cassandra Adams. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2000. Hunter, Kaki, and Donald Kiffmeyer. Earthbag Building. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 2004. Kennedy, Joseph F. "Building With Earthbags." Natural Building Colloquium. NetWorks Productions. 14 Feb. 2007 Natural Building Colloquium. Aga Khan Development Network. "The Aga Khan Award for Architecture 2004." Sandbag Shelter Prototypes, various locations. 14 Feb. 2007 *The Green Building Program. "Earth Construction." Sustainable Building Sourcebook. 2006. 14 Feb. 2007 [http://www.austinenergy.com/Energy%20Efficiency/Programs/Green%20Building/Sourcebook/earthConstruction.htm . NBRC. "NBRC Misc. Photos." NBRC: Other Super Adobe Buildings. 10 Dec. 1997. 14 Feb. 2007 . CCD. "CS05__Cal-Earth SuperAdobe." Combating Crisis with Design. 20 Sept. 2006. 14 Feb. 2007 CS05__Cal-Earth SuperAdobe. American Institute of Architects. A Conversation with Nader Khalili. 2004. 14 Feb. 2007 . New York Times. When Shelter is made from the Earth's Own Dust. 15 Apr 1999 ==See also== Earthbag construction ==References== ==External links== Earthbagstore.com - informations, workshops, blog, e-shop with earthbags for superadobe in Europe. - www.videterra.org, Superadobe Italia, sharing information and promoting superadobe domes and houses. Vide Terra provides superadobe workshops in Italy, Europe and the Mediterranean area. [http://calearth.org/building-designs/what-is-superadobe.html Khalili's site describing his explanation of his method which he names "Superadobe", not "Super Adobe". earthbagbuilding.com - Includes many photos of Superadobe projects. calearth-superadobe
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