Uthmanic codex

The Uthmanic codex is the only edition of the Quran compiled by the third Rashidun caliph Uthman ibn Affan. He ordered it to be copied and the copies sent to Islamic countries, after the death of Muhammad. The Quran was collected in a single book by order of the first caliph Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, and when the caliphate was handed over to Uthman ibn Affan, the Islamic conquests expanded and the companions spread in the conquered countries, teaching people the Quran and how to read its different readings. When the Companion Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman noticed that Muslims differed in reading and some of this difference was tinged with melody, he told the Caliph about it, and Uthman ordered that the Quran be collected in one way. He sent Hafsa bint Umar to allow him to use the copy of the Quran in her possession to use it as a reference, and Uthman ordered several copies of the Quran to unify the reading and ordered them to be distributed to the Muslim countries, and ordered the destruction of anything that contradicts that Quran.…

The Uthmanic codex is the only edition of the Quran compiled by the third Rashidun caliph Uthman ibn Affan. He ordered it to be copied and the copies sent to Islamic countries, after the death of Muhammad. The Quran was collected in a single book by order of the first caliph Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, and when the caliphate was handed over to Uthman ibn Affan, the Islamic conquests expanded and the companions spread in the conquered countries, teaching people the Quran and how to read its different readings. When the Companion Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman noticed that Muslims differed in reading and some of this difference was tinged with melody, he told the Caliph about it, and Uthman ordered that the Quran be collected in one way. He sent Hafsa bint Umar to allow him to use the copy of the Quran in her possession to use it as a reference, and Uthman ordered several copies of the Quran to unify the reading and ordered them to be distributed to the Muslim countries, and ordered the destruction of anything that contradicts that Quran. Uthman ibn Affan formed a committee to write the Quran: Zayd ibn Thabit, Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, Sa'id ibn al-'As, and 'Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Harith ibn Hisham, then he gave Zayd ibn Thabit and the three Qurayshis the Quran that had been with Hafsa bint 'Umar, and he ordered them to copy the Quran from it, and he said: "If you and Zayd ibn Thabit disagree on something in the Quran, write it in the Quraysh tongue, for it was revealed in their tongue." The collection and copying of the Quran began in late 24 AH and early 25 AH, and historians have not dated how long it took the committee to write the Quran. Uthman's Quran preserved for Muslims the order of the surahs and verses as they are now.

Reception in Shia Islam

Shiite scholars acknowledge the preservation of the Quran from any kind of verbal distortion in all its forms with strong evidence and proof. They acknowledge that it was Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman who advised Uthman ibn Affan to compile the Quran. However, they take issue with Uthman's reliance on collecting and copying the Quran from the Quran that was in the possession of Hafsa bint Umar, while ignoring the other Qurans that were in the possession of the Companions, including the Quran of Ali. Shiites believe that the first person to collect the Quran was Ali ibn Abi Talib, and that Imam Ali isolated himself after the death of the Muhammad to collect the Quran. It is narrated that he did not put on his robe until he had collected the Quran. Ibn al-Nadim reported that he only put on his robe for prayer until he had collected it. Ibn al-Nadim said: "Ali saw that the people were nervous when the Prophet died, so he swore not to put on his robe until he had collected the Quran." The Shiites say that Imam Ali had a Quran like the other Qurans that were later collected, but the role of these Qurans ended when Uthman sent them and burned them, while Ali's Quran was kept for himself and his family and was not shown to anyone, to preserve the unity of the Ummah. They said that the difference between Imam Ali's Quran and the other Qurans, including Uthman's, is that Ali arranged it according to what was revealed, and included explanations and interpretations of verses with reasons and locations of revelation. Ali ibn Abi Talib said: "No verse was revealed to the Muhammad except that he read it to me and dictated it to me, and I wrote it down in my own handwriting, and he taught me its interpretation, its explanation, and its similarities, I have never forgotten a verse from the Book of Allah, nor a knowledge that He has dictated to me that I have written down since he prayed for me." The Quran also includes a number of Quranic sciences such as Mihkam, Mutashabiya, Mansukh, Naskh, and the interpretation of verses and their interpretation. Shiite scholars narrate that Ibn Abi Talib presented his Quran to the people and explained its features and a man from the Companions stood up and looked at it and said, "O Ali, return it, we have no need for it." The Shiite narratives summarize that Ali ibn Abi Talib compiled the Quran after the death of Muhammad, and its verses and chapters were the verses and chapters of the Quran in circulation among Muslims today, and it included the order of the chapters according to the revelation and the reasons for the revelation, but the attitude of some of the companions towards his Quran was a political one, and therefore it is better to consider it another version of the Quran with the same chapters and verses, and not another Quran totally.

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