Zero matrix

In mathematics, particularly linear algebra, a zero matrix or null matrix is a matrix all of whose entries are zero. It also serves as the additive identity of the additive group of m \times n matrices, and is denoted by the symbol O or 0 followed by subscripts corresponding to the dimension of the matrix as the context sees fit. Some examples of zero matrices are 0_{1,1} = \begin{bmatrix} 0 \end{bmatrix} ,\ 0_{2,2} = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix} ,\ 0_{2,3} = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix} .\

In mathematics, particularly linear algebra, a zero matrix or null matrix is a matrix all of whose entries are zero. It also serves as the additive identity of the additive group of m \times n matrices, and is denoted by the symbol O or 0 followed by subscripts corresponding to the dimension of the matrix as the context sees fit. Some examples of zero matrices are 0_{1,1} = \begin{bmatrix} 0 \end{bmatrix} ,\ 0_{2,2} = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix} ,\ 0_{2,3} = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix} .\ ==Properties== The set of m \times n matrices with entries in a ring forms a ring . The zero matrix 0_{K_{m,n}} \, in K_{m,n} \, is the matrix with all entries equal to 0_K \, , where 0_K is the additive identity in . 0_{K_{m,n}} = \begin{bmatrix} 0_K & 0_K & \cdots & 0_K \\ 0_K & 0_K & \cdots & 0_K \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ 0_K & 0_K & \cdots & 0_K \end{bmatrix}_{m \times n} The zero matrix is the additive identity in K_{m,n} \, . That is, for all A \in K_{m,n} \, it satisfies the equation 0_{K_{m,n}}+A = A + 0_{K_{m,n}} = A. There is exactly one zero matrix of any given dimension with entries from a given ring, so when the context is clear, one often refers to the zero matrix. In general, the zero element of a ring is unique, and is typically denoted by 0 without any subscript indicating the parent ring. Hence the examples above represent zero matrices over any ring. The zero matrix also represents the linear transformation which sends all the vectors to the zero vector. It is idempotent, meaning that when it is multiplied by itself, the result is itself. The zero matrix is the only matrix whose rank is 0. ==Occurrences== In ordinary least squares regression, if there is a perfect fit to the data, the annihilator matrix is the zero matrix. ==See also== Identity matrix – the multiplicative identity for matrices Matrix of ones – a matrix where all elements are one Nilpotent matrix Single-entry matrix – a matrix where all but one element is zero ==References==

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