Lesson plan
HAP2
HAP2 (hapless 2), also known as GCS1 (generative cell-specific protein 1), is a family of membrane fusion proteins found in the sperm cell of diverse eukaryotes including Toxoplasma, thale cress, and fruit flies. This protein is essential for gamete fusion, and therefore fertilization, in these organisms. By eukaryotic taxonomy, it is found in: * Plant in the broad sense (Archaeplastida) ** Land plants (pollen – "male" gamete) - thale cress, numerous other species including rice ** Green algae ("minus" mating type) - Chlamydomonas ** Red algae - Cyanidioschyzon * Alveolates ** Apicomplexans (male gametocytes) *** Plasmodium *** Toxoplasma ** Ciliophorans - Tetrahymena * Euglenozoans - Trypanosoma * Amorphea ** Opisthokonta *** Animals **** Cnidarians - Hydra **** Arthropods - Insects - fruit flies and bees **** Acorn worms - Saccoglossus ** Amoebozoa - Dictyostelium discoideum slime mold (in a gene-duplicated setup with 3 mating types) For a full list of organisms in which it occurs, consult InterPro #IPR018928 - taxonomy.
Article summary
HAP2 (hapless 2), also known as GCS1 (generative cell-specific protein 1), is a family of membrane fusion proteins found in the sperm cell of diverse eukaryotes including Toxoplasma, thale cress, and fruit flies. This protein is essential for gamete fusion, and therefore fertilization, in these organisms. By eukaryotic taxonomy, it is found in: * Plant in the broad sense (Archaeplastida) ** Land plants (pollen – "male" gamete) - thale cress, numerous other species including rice ** Green algae ("minus" mating type) - Chlamydomonas ** Red algae - Cyanidioschyzon * Alveolates ** Apicomplexans (male gametocytes) *** Plasmodium *** Toxoplasma ** Ciliophorans - Tetrahymena * Euglenozoans - Trypanosoma * Amorphea ** Opisthokonta *** Animals **** Cnidarians - Hydra **** Arthropods - Insects - fruit flies and bees **** Acorn worms - Saccoglossus ** Amoebozoa - Dictyostelium discoideum slime mold (in a gene-duplicated setup with 3 mating types) For a full list of organisms in which it occurs, consult InterPro #IPR018928 - taxonomy.
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Discussion questions
- Summarise the article in your own words. Which single claim would you verify first, and why?
- Which claim in this article is most likely to be revised as the sources update? How would you check its current status?
- If two sources disagreed about one of these facts, what would you need in order to trust one over the other?
Bibliography
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Key claims and bibliography are generated from the same tracked claims and sources as the article page.